Pneumocystis jirovecii dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) genotypes in non-HIV-immunocompromised patients: a tertiary care reference health centre study

References

• Thomas CF Jr, Limper AH. Pneumocystis pneumonia. N Engl J Med 2004; 350: 2487–2498.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varthalitis I, Aoun M, Daneau D, . Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with cancer: an increasing incidence. Cancer 1993; 71: 481–485.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Castro N, Neuville S, Sarfati C, . Occurrence of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia after allogenic stem cell transplantation: a 6-year retrospective study. Bone Marrow Transplant 2005; 36: 879–883.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Godeau B, Coutant-Perronne V, Le Thi Huong D, . Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the course of connective tissue disease: report of 34 cases. J Rheumatol 1994; 21: 246–251.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iikuni N, Kitahama M, Ohta S, . Evaluation of Pneumocystis pneumonia infection risk factors in patients with connective tissue disease. Mod Rheumatol 2006; 16: 282–288.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gluck T, Geerdes-Fenge HF, Straub RH, . Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia as a complication of immunosuppressive therapy. Infection 2000; 28: 227–230.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fisk DT, Meshnick S, Kazanjian PH. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients in the developing world who have acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Clin Infect Dis 2003; 36: 70–78.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Medrano FJ, Montes-Cano MA, Conde M, . Pneumocystis in general population. Emerg Infect Dis 2005; 11: 245–250.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ewig S, Bauer T, Schneider C, . Clinical characteristics and outcome of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in HIV-infected and otherwise immunosuppressed patients. Eur Respir J 1995; 8: 1548–1553.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walzer PD, Foy J, Steele P, . Activities of antifolate, antiviral, and other drugs in an immunosuppressed rat model of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1992; 36: 1935–1942.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mei Q, Gurunthan S, Masur H, . Failure of cotrimoxazole in Pneumocystis carinii infection and mutations in dihydropteroate synthase gene. Lancet 1998; 351: 1631–1632.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Beard CB, Carter JL, Keely SP, . Genetic variation in Pneumocystis carinii isolates from different geographic regions. Implication from transmission. Emerg Infect Dis 2000; 6: 265–272.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siripattanapipong S, Leelayoova S, Mungthin M, . Study of DHPS and DHFR genes of Pneumocystis jirovecii in Thai HIV-infected patients. Med Mycol 2008; 46: 389–392.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ng VL, Virani NA, Chaisson RE, . Rapid detection of Pneumocystis carinii using a direct fluorescent monoclonal antibody stain. J Clin Microbiol 1990; 28: 2228–2233.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Churukian CJ, Schenk EA. Rapid Grocott's methenamine silver nitrate method for fungi and Pneumocystis carinii. Am J Clin Path 1977; 68: 427–428.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang SN, Fisher SH, Shaughnessy E, . Development of a PCR assay for diagnosis of P. carinii pneumonia based on amplification of multicopy major surface glycoprotein gene family. Diagn Microbial Infect Dis 1999; 35: 27–32.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Helweg LJ, Benefield TL, Eugen OJ, . Effects of mutations in Pneumocystis carinii dihydropteroate synthase gene on outcomes of AIDS associated P. carinii pneumonia. Lancet 1999; 354: 1347–1351.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Costa MC, Gaspar J, Mansinho K, . Detection of Pneumocystis jirovecii dihydropteroate synthase polymorphisms in patients with Pneumocystis pneumonia. Scand J Infect Dis 2005; 37: 766–771.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang L, Beard CB, Creasman J . Sulfa or sulfone prophylaxis and geographic region predict mutations in the Pneumocystis carinii dihydropteroate synthase gene. J Infect Dis 2000; 182: 1192–1198.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montes-Cano MA, De la Horra C, Martin-Juan J, . Pneumocystis jirovecii genotypes in the Spanish population. Clin Infect Dis 2004; 39: 123–128.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kazanjian PH, Fisk D, Armstrong W. Increase in prevalence of Pneumocystis carinii mutations in patients with AIDS and P.carinii pneumonia in the United States and China. J Infect Dis 2004; 189: 1684–1687.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wissmann G, Alvarez-Martinez MJ, Meshnick SR, . Absence of dihydropteroate synthase mutations in Pneumocystis jirovecii from Brazilian AIDS patients. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2006; 53: 305–307.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takahashi T, Hosoya N, Endo T, . Relationship between mutations in dihydropteroate synthase of Pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis isolates in Japan and resistance to sulfonamide therapy. J Clin Microbiol 2000; 38: 3161–3164.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anne Totet, Sophie Latouche, Philippe Lacube, . Pneumocystis jirovecii dihydropteroate synthase genotypes in immunocompetent infants and immunosuppressed adults, Amiens, France. Emerg Infect Dis 2004; 10: 667–673.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sepkowitz KA. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients without AIDS. Clin Infect Dis 1993; 17: S416–S422.
   Google Scholar
• Crothers K, Beard CB, Turner J, . Severity and outcome of HIV associated Pneumocystis pneumonia containing Pneumocystis jirovecii dihydropteroate synthase gene mutations. AIDS 2005; 19: 801–805.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicolan DP, Ross JW, Quintillani R, . Pharmacoeconomics of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in HIV-infected and HIV-noninfected patients. Pharmacoeconomics 1996; 10: 72–78.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar