Dendritic cells restrict the transformation of Histoplasma capsulatum conidia into yeasts

References

• Wheat LJ, Slama TG, Norton JA, . Risk factors for disseminated or fatal histoplasmosis. Analysis of a large urban outbreak. Ann Intern Med 1982; 96: 159–163.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wheat LJ, Smith EJ, Sathapatayavongs B, . Histoplasmosis in renal allograft recipients. Two large urban outbreaks. Arch Intern Med 1983; 143: 703–707.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wood KL, Hage CA, Knox KS, . Histoplasmosis after treatment with anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha therapy. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003; 167: 1279–1282.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antinori S, Magni C, Nebuloni M, . Histoplasmosis among human immunodeficiency virus-infected people in Europe: report of 4 cases and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 2006; 85: 22–36.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Francesco Daher E, de Sousa Barros FA, da Silva Junior GB, . Risk factors for death in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated disseminated histoplasmosis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2006; 74: 600–603.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jain VV, Evans T, Peterson MW. Reactivation histoplasmosis after treatment with anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha in a patient from a nonendemic area. Respir Med 2006; 100: 1291–1293.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Monbreun WA. Cultivation and cultural characteristics of Darling's Histoplasma capsulatum. Am J Trop Med 1934; 14: 93–135.
   Google Scholar
• Howell A. Studies on Histoplasma capsulatum and similar form species. 1. Morphology and development. Mycologia 1939; 31: 191–216.
   Google Scholar
• Deepe GS, Bullock WE. Histoplasmosis: A granulomatous inflammatory response. Gallin JI, Goldstein IM, Snyderman R, Inflammation: Basic Principles and Clinical Correlates. New York: Raven Press; 1992: 943–958.
   Google Scholar
• Procknow JJ, Page MI, Loosli CG. Early pathogenesis of experimental histoplasmosis. Arch Pathol 1960; 69: 413–426.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Baughman RP, Kim CK, Vinegar A, . The pathogenesis of experimental pulmonary histoplasmosis. Correlative studies of histopathology, bronchoalveolar lavage, and respiratory function. Am Rev Respir Dis 1986; 134: 771–776.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Deepe GS, Jr., Gibbons RS, Smulian AG. Histoplasma capsulatum manifests preferential invasion of phagocytic subpopulations in murine lungs. J Leukoc Biol 2008; 84: 669–678.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deepe GS, Jr., Seder RA. Molecular and cellular determinants of immunity to Histoplasma capsulatum. Res Immunol 1998; 149: 397–406; discussion 509–310.
   Google Scholar
• Newman SL. Cell-mediated immunity to Histoplasma capsulatum. Semin Respir Infect 2001; 16: 102–108.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Newman SL, Bucher C, Rhodes J, Bullock WE. Phagocytosis of Histoplasma capsulatum yeasts and microconidia by human cultured macrophages and alveolar macrophages. Cellular cytoskeleton requirement for attachment and ingestion. J Clin Invest 1990; 85: 223–230.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gildea LA, Morris RE, Newman SL. Histoplasma capsulatum yeasts are phagocytosed via very late antigen-5, killed, and processed for antigen presentation by human dendritic cells. J Immunol 2001; 166: 1049–1056.
   Google Scholar
• Klimpel KR, Goldman WE. Isolation and characterization of spontaneous avirulent variants of Histoplasma capsulatum. Infect Immun 1987; 55: 528–533.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Smulian AG, Gibbons RS, Demland JA, Spaulding DT, Deepe GS, Jr. Expression of hygromycin phosphotransferase alters virulence of Histoplasma capsulatum. Eukaryot Cell 2007; 6: 2066–2071.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kugler S, Young B, Miller VL, Goldman WE. Monitoring phase-specific gene expression in Histoplasma capsulatum with telomeric GFP fusion plasmids. Cell Microbiol 2000; 2: 537–547.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Newman SL, Musson RA, Henson PM. Development of functional complement receptors during in vitro maturation of human monocytes into macrophages. J Immunol 1980; 125: 2236–2244.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newman SL, Gootee L, Hilty J, Morris RE. Human macrophages do not require phagosome acidification to mediate fungistatic/fungicidal activity against Histoplasma capsulatum. J Immunol 2006; 176: 1806–1813.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Newman SL, Gootee L. Colony-stimulating factors activate human macrophages to inhibit intracellular growth of Histoplasma capsulatum yeasts. Infect Immun 1992; 60: 4593–4597.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maresca B, Kobayashi GS. Dimorphism in Histoplasma capsulatum: a model for the study of cell differentiation in pathogenic fungi. Microbiol Rev 1989; 53: 186–209.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kimberlin CL, Hariri AR, Hempel HO, Goodman NL. Interactions between Histoplasma capsulatum and macrophages from normal and treated mice: comparison of the mycelial and yeast phases in alveolar and peritoneal macrophages. Infect Immun 1981; 34: 6–10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hempel H, Goodman NL. Rapid conversion of Histoplasma capsulatum, Blastomyces dermatitidis and Sporothrix schenckii in tissue culture. J Clin Microbiol 1975; 1: 420–424.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cano LE, Brummer E, Stevens DA, Restrepo A. Fate of conidia of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis after ingestion by resident macrophages or cytokine-treated macrophages. Infect Immun 1992; 60: 2096–2100.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gonzalez A, de Gregori W, Velez D, Restrepo A, Cano LE. Nitric oxide participation in the fungicidal mechanism of gamma interferon-activated murine macrophages against Paracoccidioides brasiliensis conidia. Infect Immun 2000; 68: 2546–2552.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonzalez A, Restrepo A, Cano LE. Role of iron in the nitric oxide-mediated fungicidal mechanism of IFN-gamma-activated murine macrophages against Paracoccidioides brasiliensis conidia. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2007; 49: 11–16.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gonzalez A, Aristizabal BH, Gomez EC, Restrepo A, Cano LE. Short report: Inhibition by tumor necrosis factor-alpha-activated macrophages of the transition of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis conidia to yeast cells through a mechanism independent of nitric oxide. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2004; 71: 828–830.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cano LE, Arango R, Salazar ME, . Killing of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis conidia by pulmonary macrophages and the effect of cytokines. J Med Vet Mycol 1992; 30: 161–168.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McEwen JG, Bedoya V, Patino MM, Salazar ME, Restrepo A. Experimental murine paracoccidiodomycosis induced by the inhalation of conidia. J Med Vet Mycol 1987; 25: 165–175.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sugar AM, Picard M. Macrophage- and oxidant-mediated inhibition of the ability of live Blastomyces dermatitidis conidia to transform to the pathogenic yeast phase: implications for the pathogenesis of dimorphic fungal infections. J Infect Dis 1991; 163: 371–375.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sugar AM, Picard M, Wagner R, Kornfeld H. Interactions between human bronchoalveolar macrophages and Blastomyces dermatitidis conidia: demonstration of fungicidal and fungistatic effects. J Infect Dis 1995; 171: 1559–1562.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beaman L, Holmberg CA. In vitro response of alveolar macrophages to infection with Coccidioides immitis. Infect Immun 1980; 28: 594–600.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ampel NM, Galgiani JN. Interaction of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells with Coccidioides immitis arthroconidia. Cell Immunol 1991; 133: 253–262.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kudeken N, Kawakami K, Saito A. Different susceptibilities of yeasts and conidia of Penicillium marneffei to nitric oxide (NO)-mediated fungicidal activity of murine macrophages. Clin Exp Immunol 1998; 112: 287–293.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roilides E, Lyman CA, Sein T, Petraitiene R, Walsh TJ. Macrophage colony-stimulating factor enhances phagocytosis and oxidative burst of mononuclear phagocytes against Penicillium marneffei conidia. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 2003; 36: 19–26.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gildea LA, Ciraolo GM, Morris RE, Newman SL. Human dendritic cell activity against Histoplasma capsulatum is mediated via phagolysosomal fusion. Infect Immun 2005; 73: 6803–6811.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar