References
- Colombo AL, Nucci M, Park BJ, . Epidemiology of candidemia in Brazil: a nationwide sentinel surveillance of candidemia in eleven medical centers. J Clin Microbiol 2006; 44: 2816–2823.
- Pfaller MA, Diekema DJ. Epidemiology of invasive candidiasis: a persistent public health problem. Clin Microbiol Rev 2007; 20: 133–163.
- Branchini ML, Pfaller MA, Rhine-Chalberg J, . Genotypic variation and slime production among blood isolates and catheter isolates of Candida parapsilosis. J Clin Microbiol 1994; 2: 452–456.
- Nguyen MH, Peacock JE, Tanner DC, . Therapeutic approaches in patients with candidemia. Evaluation in a multicenter, prospective, observational study. Arch Intern Med 1995; 155: 2429–2435.
- Trick WE, Fridkin SK, Edwards JR, . Secular trend of hospital-acquired candidemia among intensive care unit patients in the United States during 1989–1999. Clin Infect Dis 2002; 35:627–630.
- LaFleur MD, Kumamoto CA, Lewis K. Candida albicans biofilms produce antifungal-tolerant persister cells. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006; 50: 3839–3846.
- Ghannoum MA. Potential role of phospholipases virulence and fungal pathogenesis. Clin Microbiol Rev 2000; 13: 122–143.
- Naglik JR, Challacombe SJ, Hube B. Candida albicans secreted aspartyl proteinases in virulence and pathogenesis. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2003; 67: 400–428.
- Schaller M, Borelli C, Korting HC, . Hydrolytic enzymes as virulence factors of Candida albicans. Mycoses 2005; 48: 365–377.
- Ruma-Haynes P, Brownlee AG, Sorrell TC. A rapid method for detecting extracellular proteinase activity in Cryptococcus neoformans and a survey of 63 isolates. J Med Microbiol 2000; 49: 733–737.
- Price MF, Wilkinson ID, Gentry LO. Plate method for detection of phospholipase activity in Candida albicans. Sabouraudia 1982; 20: 7–14.
- Jin Y, Yip HK, Samaranayake YH, . Biofilm-forming ability of Candida albicans is unlikely to contribute to high levels of oral yeast carriage in cases of human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Clin Microbiol 2003; 41: 2961–2967.
- Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Method for Broth Dilution Testing of Yeasts, Approved Standard M27-A2, 2nd . Wayne, IN: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, 2002.
- Melo AS, Colombo AL, Arthington-Skaggs BA. Paradoxical growth effect of caspofungin observed on biofilms and planktonic cells of five different Candida species. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007; 51: 3081–3088.
- Oksuz S, Sahin I, Yildirim M, Gulcan, . Phospholipase and proteinase activities in different Candida species isolated from anatomically distinct sites of healthy adults. Jpn J Infect Dis 2007; 60: 280–283.
- Kantarcioglu AS, Yucel A. Phospholipase and protease activities in clinical Candida isolates with reference to the sources of strains. Mycoses 2002; 45: 160–165.
- Samaranayake LP, Raeside JM, MacFarlane TW. Factors affecting the phospholipase activity of Candida species in vitro. Sabouraudia 1984; 22: 201–207.
- Ibrahim AS, Mirbod F, Filler SG, . Evidence implicating phospholipase as a virulence factor of Candida albicans. lnfect lmmun 1995; 63: 1993–1998.
- Jain N, Kohli R, Cook E, . Biofilm formation by and antifungal susceptibility of Candida isolates from urine. Appl Envl Microbiol 2007; 73: 1697–1703.
- Tumbarello M, Posteraro B, Trecarichi EM, . Biofilm production by Candida species and inadequate antifungal therapy as predictors of mortality for patients with candidemia. J Clin Microbiol 2007; 45: 1843–1850.
- Hawser SP, Douglas LJ. Biofilm formation by Candida species on the surface of catheter materials in vitro. Infect Immun 1994; 62: 915–921.
- Mendes A, Mores AU, Carvalho AP, . Candida albicans biofilms produce more secreted aspartyl protease than the planktonic cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2007; 30: 1813–1815.
- Ramage G, Vande Walle K, Wickes BL, Lopez-Ribot JL. Standardized method for in vitro antifungal susceptibility testing of Candida albicans biofilms. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001; 45: 2475–2479.
- Al-Dhaheri RS, Douglas LJ. Absence of amphotericin B-tolerant persister cells in biofilms of some Candida species. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2008; 52: 1884–1887.