170
Views
14
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Postmenopausal hormone therapy and cognition: effects of timing and treatment type

, , , , &
Pages 259-264 | Received 18 Aug 2009, Accepted 28 Sep 2009, Published online: 14 May 2010

References

  • Shughrue PJ, Lane MV, Merchenthaler I. Regulation of progesterone receptor messenger ribonucleic acid in the rat medial preoptic nucleus by estrogenic and antiestrogenic compounds: an in situ hybridization study. Endocrinology 1997;138:5476–84
  • McEwen BS, Alves SE, Bulloch K, Weiland NG. Ovarian steroids and the brain: implications for cognition and aging. Neurology 1997;48(Suppl 7)S8–15
  • Singh M, Meyer EM, Millard WJ, SimpkinsJW. Ovarian steroid deprivation results in a reversible learning impairment and compromised cholinergic function in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Brain Res 1994;644:305–12
  • Yaffe K, Sawaya G, Lieberburg I. Estrogen therapy in postmenopausal women: effects on cognitive function and dementia. JAMA 1998;279:688–95
  • Mulnard RA, Cotman CW, Kawas C, et al Estrogen replacement therapy for treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer disease: a randomized controlled trial. Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study. JAMA 2000;283:1007–15
  • Grady D, Yaffe K, Kristof M, et al Effect of postmenopausal hormone therapy on cognitive function: the Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study. Am J Med 2002;113:543–8
  • Henderson VW, Guthrie JR, Dudley EC, et al Estrogen exposures and memory at midlife: a population-based study of women. Neurology 2003;60:1369–71
  • Espeland MA, Rapp SR, Shumaker SA, et al Conjugated equine estrogens and global cognitive function in postmenopausal women: Women's Health Initiative Memory Study. JAMA 2004;291:2959–68
  • Shumaker SA, Legault C, Kuller L, et al Conjugated equine estrogens and incidence of probable dementia and mild cognitive impairment in postmenopausal women: Women's Health Initiative Memory Study. JAMA 2004;291:2947–58
  • Resnick SM, Henderson VW. Hormone therapy and risk of Alzheimer disease: a critical time. JAMA 2002;288:2170–2
  • Khoo SK, O'Neill S, Travers C, Oldenburg B, LAW Study Group. Age-related changes relevant to health in women: design, recruitment, and retention strategies for the Longitudinal Assessment of Women (LAW) study. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2008;17:135–46
  • Baker RD, Tilbury JB. Algorithm AS 283: rapid computation of the permutation paired and grouped t-tests. J R Statist Soc Series C (Applied Statistics) 1993;42:432–41
  • MacLennan AH, Henderson VW, Paine BJ, et al Hormone therapy, timing of initiation, and cognition in women aged older than 60 years: the REMEMBER pilot study. Menopause 2006;13:28–36
  • O'Hara R, Schröder CM, Bloss C, et al Hormone replacement therapy and longitudinal cognitive performance in postmenopausal women. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2005;13:1107–10
  • Low LF, Anstey KJ, Jorm AF, et al Hormone replacement therapy and cognition in an Australian representative sample aged 60–64 years. Maturitas 2006;54:86–94
  • Kurt M, Bekçi B, Karakaş S. Hormone replacement therapy and cognitive function in postmenopausal women. Maturitas 2006;53:39–48
  • Løkkegaard E, Pedersen AT, Laursen P, et al The influence of hormone replacement therapy on the aging-related change in cognitive performance. Analysis based on a Danish cohort study. Maturitas 2002;42:209–18
  • Greendale GA, Huang MH, Wight RG, et al Effects of the menopause transition and hormone use on cognitive performance in midlife women. Neurology 2009;72:1850–7
  • Burkhardt MS, Foster JK, Laws SM, et al Oestrogen replacement therapy may improve memory functioning in the absence of APOE epsilon4. J Alzheimers Dis 2004;6:221–8
  • Maki PM, Sundermann E. Hormone therapy and cognitive function. Hum Reprod Update 2009;15:667–81

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.