References
- Jackson RD, LaCroix AZ, Gass M, et al. Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and the risk of fractures. N Engl J Med 2006;354:669–83
- Wactawski-Wende J, Kotchen JM, Anderson GL, et al. Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and the risk of colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med 2006;354:684–96
- Chlebowski RT, Johnson KC, Kooperberg C, et al. Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and the risk of breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2008;100:1581–91
- Hsia J, Heiss G, Ren H, et al. Calcium/vitamin D supplementation and cardiovascular events. Circulation 2007;115: 846–54
- Bolland MJ, Barber PA, Doughty RN, et al. Vascular events in healthy older women receiving calcium supplementation: randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2008;336:262–6
- Bolland MJ, Avenell A, Baron JA, et al. Effect of calcium supplements on risk of myocardial infarction and cardiovascular events: meta-analysis. BMJ 2010;341:c3691
- Manson JE, Allison MA, Carr JJ, et al. Calcium/vitamin D supplementation and coronary artery calcification in the Women’s Health Initiative. Menopause 2010;17:683–91
- Bolland MJ, Grey A, Avenell A, Gamble GD, Reid IR. Calcium supplements with or without vitamin D and risk of cardiovascular events: reanalysis of the Women’s Health Initiative limited access dataset and meta-analysis. BMJ 2011;342:d2040
- Daly RM, Ebeling PR. Is excess calcium harmful to health? Nutrients 2010;2:505–22
- Aspray TJ, Francis RM. Calcium and vitamin D supplementation and cardiovascular disease: quo vadis? Maturitas 2011;69: 285–6
- Abrahamsen B, Sahota O. Do calcium plus vitamin D supplements increase cardiovascular risk? BMJ 2011;342:d2080
- Lambrinoudaki I, Ceasu I, Depypere H, et al. EMAS position statement: Diet and health in midlife and beyond. Maturitas 2013;74:99–104
- Reid IR, Bolland MJ, Sambrook PN, et al. Calcium supplementation: balancing the cardiovascular risks. Maturitas 2011;69: 289–95
- Prentice RL, Pettinger MB, Jackson RD, et al. Health risks and benefits from calcium and vitamin D supplementation: Women’s Health Initiative clinical trial and cohort study. Osteoporos Int 2013;24:567–80
- Cauley JA, Chlebowski RT, Wactawski-Wende J, et al. Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and health outcomes 5 years after active intervention ended: the Women’s Health Initiative. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2013;22:915–29
- Samelson EJ, Booth SL, Fox CS, et al. Calcium intake is not associated with increased coronary artery calcification: the Framingham Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2012;96:1274–80
- Langsetmo L, Berger C, Kreiger N, et al. Calcium and vitamin D intake and mortality: results from the Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study (CaMos). J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013;98: 3010–18
- Michaëlsson K, Melhus H, Warensjö Lemming E, Wolk A, Byberg L. Long term calcium intake and rates of all cause and cardiovascular mortality: community based prospective longitudinal cohort study. BMJ online 2013;346:f228
- Chan R, Leung J, Woo J. A prospective cohort study examining the associations of dietary calcium intake with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in older Chinese community-dwelling people. PLoS One 2013;8:e80895
- Lewis JR, Zhu K, Thompson PL, Prince RL. The effects of 3 years of calcium supplementation on common carotid artery intimal medial thickness and carotid atherosclerosis in older women: An ancillary study of the CAIFOS randomized controlled trial. J Bone Miner Res 2014;29:534–41
- Bauer DC. Calcium supplements and fracture prevention. N Engl J Med 2013;369:1537–43
- Weaver CM. Calcium supplementation: Is protecting against osteoporosis counter to protecting against cardiovascular disease? Curr Osteoporos Rep 2014;12:211–18
- Lewis JR, Ivey KL, Radavelli-Bagatini S, et al. The effects of calcium supplementation on coronary heart disease hospitalisation and death in postmenopausal women: a collaborative meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Osteoporos Int 2014;25(Suppl. 2):OC34
- Reid IR, Bolland MJ. Calcium risk-benefit updated – new WHI analyses. Maturitas 2014;77:1–3
- Reid IR. Should we prescribe calcium supplements for osteoporosis prevention? J Bone Metab 2014;21:21–8