230
Views
10
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
ORIGINAL ARTICLES

Ultra-low-dose estradiol and norethisterone acetate: bleeding patterns and other outcomes over 52 weeks of therapy

, , , &
Pages 419-425 | Received 09 Sep 2014, Accepted 14 Dec 2014, Published online: 12 Feb 2015

References

  • Pines A, Sturdee DW, Birkhäuser MH, Schneider HP, Gambacciani M, Panay N;Board of the International Menopause Society. IMS updated recommendations on postmenopausal hormone therapy. Climacteric 2007;10:181–94
  • Utian WH, Archer DF, Bachmann GA, et al; North American Menopause Society. Estrogen and progestogen use in postmenopausal women: July 2008 position statement of The North American Menopause Society. Menopause 2008;15:584–602
  • Archer DF, Dorin MH, Heine W, Nanavati N, Arce JC. Uterine bleeding in postmenopausal women on continuous therapy with estradiol and norethindrone acetate. Endometrium Study Group. Obstet Gynecol 1999;94:323–9
  • Staland B. Continuous treatment with natural oestrogens and progestogens. A method to avoid endometrial stimulation. Maturitas 1981;3:145–56
  • Archer DF, Dorin M, Lewis V, Schneider DL, Pickar JH. Effects of lower doses of conjugated equine estrogens and medroxyprogesterone acetate on endometrial bleeding. Fertil Steril 2001;75:1080–7
  • Mattsson LA, Cullberg G, Samsioe G. Evaluation of a continuous oestrogen-progestogen regimen for climacteric complaints. Maturitas 1982;4:95–102
  • Mattsson LA, Skouby SO, Heikkinen J, Vaheri R, Mäenpää J, Timonen U. A low-dose start in hormone replacement therapy provides a beneficial bleeding profile and few side-effects: randomized comparison with a conventional-dose regimen. Climacteric 2004;7:59–69
  • Simon JA, Liu JH, Speroff L, Shumel BS, Symons JP. Reduced vaginal bleeding in postmenopausal women who receive combined norethindrone acetate and low-dose ethinyl estradiol therapy versus combined conjugated equine estrogens and medroxyprogesterone acetate therapy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003;188:92–9
  • Simon JA, Symons JP; femhrt Study Investigators. Unscheduled bleeding during initiation of continuous combined hormone replacement therapy: a direct comparison of two combinations of norethindrone acetate and ethinyl estradiol to medroxyprogesterone acetate and conjugated equine estrogens. Menopause 2001;8:321–7
  • Pickar JH, Bottiglioni F, Archer DF. Amenorrhea frequency with continuous combined hormone replacement therapy: a retrospective analysis. Menopause Study Group. Climacteric 1998;1:130–6
  • Johnson JV, Davidson M, Archer D, Bachmann G. Postmenopausal uterine bleeding profiles with two forms of continuous combined hormone replacement therapy. Menopause 2002;9: 16–22
  • Stadberg E, Mattsson LA, Uvebrant M. 17β-estradiol and norethisterone acetate in low doses as continuous combined hormone replacement therapy. Maturitas 1996;23:31–9
  • van de Weijer PH, Barentsen R, de Vries M, Kenemans P. Relationship of estradiol levels to breakthrough bleeding during continuous combined hormone replacement therapy. Obstet Gynecol 1999;93:551–7
  • Hammond CB. Women's concerns with hormone replacement therapy – compliance issues. Fertil Steril 1994;62(6 Suppl 2): 157–60S
  • Utian WH, Schiff I. North American Menopause Society – Gallup survey on women’s knowledge, information sources and attitudes to menopause and hormone replacement therapy. Menopause 1994;1:39–48
  • Birkhäuser MH, Panay N, Archer DF, et al. Updated practical recommendations for hormone replacement therapy in the peri- and postmenopause. Climacteric 2008;11:108–23
  • Board of the International Menopause Society, Pines A, Sturdee DW, Birkhäuser MH, Schneider HP, Gambacciani M, Panay N. IMS updated recommendations on postmenopausal hormone therapy. Climacteric 2007;10:181–94
  • Panay N, Ylikorkala O, Archer DF, Gut R, Lang E. Ultra- low-dose estradiol and norethisterone acetate: effective menopausal symptom relief. Climacteric 2007;10:120–31
  • Sturdee DW, Archer DF, Rakov V, Lang E; CHOICE Study Investigators. Ultra-low-dose continuous combined estradiol and norethisterone acetate: improved bleeding profile in postmenopausal women. Climacteric 2008;11:63–73
  • European Medicines Agency Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP). Guideline on Clinical Investigation of Medicinal Products for Hormone Replacement Therapy of Oestrogen Deficiency Symptoms in Postmenopausal Women. 2005. Available at: http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Scientific_guideline/2009/09/WC500003348.pdf
  • World Medical Association (WMA). WMA Declaration of Helsinki – Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects. 52nd WMA General Assembly, Edinburgh, Scotland, October 2000. Last amended with Note of Clarification on Paragraph 29 by the WMA General Assembly, Washington 2002, and Note of Clarification on Paragraph 30 by the WMA General Assembly, Tokyo 2004
  • ISPE (International Society of Pharmacoepidemiology). Guidelines for Good Pharmacoepidemiology Practices (GPP). Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2008;17:200–8
  • Eviana® Summary of Product Characteristics. 2011. Available at: http://www.isdin.com/sites/default/files/ftpdf/eviana_eng.pdf
  • Lewis JE, Hilditch JR, Wong CJ. Further psychometric property development of the Menopause-Specific Quality of Life questionnaire and development of a modified version, MENQOL-Intervention questionnaire. Maturitas 2005;50:209–21

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.