Effects of escin mixture from the seeds of Aesculus hippocastanum on obesity in mice fed a high fat diet

References

• Abu-Abid S, Szold A, Klausner J (2002): Obesity and cancer. J Med 33: 73–86.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Akiyama T, Tachibana I, Shirohara H, Watanabe N, Otsuki M (1996): High-fat hypercaloric diet induces obesity, glucose intolerance and hyperlipidemia in normal adult male Wistar rat. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1: 27–35.
   Google Scholar
• Al-Achi A (2005): Herbs that affect blood glucose levels. Women’s Health in Primary Care 8: 325–330.
   Google Scholar
• Altunkaynak Z (2005): Effects of high fat diet induced obesity on female rat livers. Eur J Gen Med 2: 100–109.
   Google Scholar
• Aslan K, Serdar Z, Tokullugil A (2004): Multifonksiyonel Hormon: Leptin. Uludağ üniversitesi Tip Fakültesi Dergisi 30: 113–118.
   Google Scholar
• Baytop T (1999): Therapy with Plants in Turkey (Past & Present), second edition. Istanbul, Nobel Medical Bookhouse, p. 155.
   Google Scholar
• Benvenga S, Robbins J (1998): Thyroid hormone efflux from monolayer cultures of human fibroblasts and hepatocytes. Effect of lipoproteins and other thyroxinetransport proteins. J Endocrinol 139: 4311–4318.
   Google Scholar
• Brito PD, Ramos CF, Passos MCF, Moura EG (2006): Adaptive changes in thyroid function of female rats fed a high-fat and low-protein diet during gestation and lactation. Biol Res 39: 809–816.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chilliard Y, Bonnet M, Delavaud C, Faulconniera Y, Lerouxb C, Djianec J, Bocquierd F (2001): Leptin in ruminants. Gene expression in adipose tissue and mammary gland, and regulation of plasma concentration. Domest Anim Endocrinol 21: 271–295.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dimitrov D, Bohchelian H, Koeva L (2005): Effect of orlistat on plasma leptin levels and risk factors for the metabolic syndrome. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 3: 122–129.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duarte CGO, Fonseca DF, Manzoni MSJ (2006): High-fat diet and secretory capacity of insulin in rats. Revista de Nutrição 19: 341–348.
   Google Scholar
• Everts ME, Lim CF, Moerings EP, Docter R, Visser TJ, de Jong M, Krenning EP, Hennemann G (1995): Effects of a furan fatty acid and indoxyl sulfate on thyroid hormone uptake in cultured anterior pituitary cells. Am J Physiol 26: E974–E979.
   Google Scholar
• Francis G, Kerem Z, Makkar HPS, Becker K (2002): The biological action of saponins in animal systems. Brit J Nutr 88: 587–605.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guglielmacci CC, Lamon MV, Rouch C, Orosco M, Ktorza A, Magnan C (2005): Early changes in insulin secretion and action induced by high-fat diet are related to a decreased sympathetic tone. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metabol 288: E148–E154.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han LK, Zheng YN, Yoshikawa M, Okuda H, Kimura S (2005): Anti-obesity effects of chikusetsusaponins isolated from Panax japonicus rhizomes. BMC Compl Alternative Med 6: 5–9.
   Google Scholar
• Han LK, Zheng YN, Xu BJ, Okuda H, Kimura S (2002): Saponins from platycodi radix ameliorate high fat diet-induced obesity in mice. J Nutr 132: 2241–2245.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han LK, Kimura S (2001): Anti-obesity effects in rodents of dietary teasaponin, a lipase inhibitor. Int J Obes 25: 1459–1464.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haslam DW, James WP (2005): Obesity. Lancet 366 (9492): 1197–1209.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Houseknecht KL, Baile CA, Matteri RL, Spurlock ME (1998): The biology of leptin: Review. J Anim Sci 76: 1405–1420.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu JN, Zhu XM, Han LK, Saito M, Sun YS, Yoshikawa M, Kimura Y, Zheng SZ (2008): Anti-obesity effects of escins extracted from the seeds of Aesculus turbinata Blume (Hippocastanaceae). Chem Pharm Bull 56: 12–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iossa S, Mollica MP, Lionetti L, Crescenzo R, Botta M, Liverini G (2002): Skeletal muscle oxidative capacity in rats fed high-fat diet. Int J Obes 26: 65–72.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaneco JJ (1997): Thyroid function, in:Kaneco JJ, ed., Clinical Biochemistry of Domestic Animals CA, Academic Press, San Diego, California, pp. 571-588.
   Google Scholar
• Kapusta I, Janda B, Szajwaj B, Stochmal A, Piacente S, Pizza C, Franceschi F, Franz C, Oleszek W (2007): Flavonoids in horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) seeds and powdered waste water by-products. J Agric Food Chem 55: 8485–8490.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karu N, Reifen R, Kerem Z (2007): Weight gain reduction in mice fed Panax ginseng saponin, a pancreatic lipase inhibitor. J Agr Food Chem 55: 2824–2828.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelly G (2000): Peripheral metabolism of thyroid hormones: A review. Alternative Med Review 5: 306–333.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kimura H, Ogawa S, Jisaka M, Kimura Y, Katsube T, Yokota K (2006): Identification of novel saponins from edible seeds of Japanese horse chestnut (Aesculus turbinata Blume) after treatment with wood ashes and their nutraceutical activity. J Pharm Biomed Anal 28: 1657–1665.
   Google Scholar
• Kimura H, Ogawa S, Katsube T, Jisaka M, Yokota K (2008): Antiobese effects of novel saponins from edible seeds of Japanese horse chestnut (Aesculus turbinata Blume) after treatment with wood ashes. J Agric Food Chem 56: 4783–4788.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• López NL, Tovar AR, Gonzalez-Granillo M, Hernández-Pando R, Escalante B, Santillán-Doherts P, Torres N (2007): Pancreatic insulin secretion in rats fed a soy protein high fat diet depends on the interaction between the amino acid pattern and isoflavones. J Biol Chem 282: 20657–20666.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maffei M, Halas J, Ravussin E (1995): Leptin levels in human and rodent: Measurement of plasma leptin and Ob RNA in obese and weight reduced subjects. Nature Med 1: 1155–1161.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milagro FI, Campion J, Martinez JA (2006): Weight gain induced by high-fat feeding involves increased liver oxidative stress. Obesity 14: 1118–1123.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noyan A (1993): Life and medical physiology. Eighth Edition. Istanbul, Meteksan Press, pp.75.
   Google Scholar
• Ortega E, Pannacciulli N, Bogardus C, Krakoff J (2007): Plasma concentrations of free triiodothyronine predict weight change in euthyroid persons. Am J Clin Nutr 85: 440–445.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Otukonyong EE, Dube MG, Torto R, Karla PS, Kalra SP (2005): High-fat diet-induced ultradian leptin and insulin hypersecretion are absent in obesity-resistant rats. Obes Res 13: 991–999.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pi-Sunyer FX (2002): The medical risks of obesity. Obes Surg 12: 6–11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ravussin E, Swinburn BA (1993): Energy metabolism, in: Stunkard AJ, Wadden TA, eds, Obesity: Theory and Therapy, New York, Raven Press, pp. 97-123.
   Google Scholar
• Sato I, SuzukiT, Kobasashi H, Tsuda S (2005): Antioxidative and antigenotoxic effects of Japanese horse chestnut (Aesculus turbinata) seeds. J Vet Med Sci 67: 731–734.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwartz MW, Seeles RJ (1997): Neuroendocrine responses to starvation and weight loss. N Eng J Med 336: 1802–1811.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trayhurn P, Hoggard N, Mercer JG (1999): Leptin: Fundamental aspects. Int J Obesity 23: 22–28.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu BJ, Han LK, Zheng YN, Lee JH, Sung CK (2005): In vitro inhibitors effect of triterpenoidal saponins from Platycodi radix on pancreatic lipase. Arch Pharmacal Res 28: 180–185.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang JS, Lee SJ, Park HW, Cha YS (2006): Effect of genistein with carnitine administration on lipid parameters and obesity in C57Bl/6J mice fed a high-fat diet. J Med Food 9: 459–467.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoshikawa M, Harada E, Murakami T, Matsuda H, Wariishi N, Yamahara J, Murakami N, Kitagawa I (1994): Escins-Ia, Ib, IIa, IIb, and IIIa, bioactive triterpene oligoglycosides from the seeds of Aesculus hippocastanum L.: Their inhibitory effects on ethanol absorption and hypoglycemic activity on glucose tolerance test. Chem Pharm Bull 42: 1357–1359.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoshikawa M, Murakami T, Matsuda H, Yamahara J, Murakami N, Kitagawa I (1996): Bioactive saponins and glycosides. III. Horse chestnut. (1): The structures, inhibitory effects on ethanol absorption, and hypoglycemic activity of escins Ia, Ib, IIa, IIb, and IIIa from the seeds of Aesculus hippocastanum L. Chem Pharm Bull 44: 1454–1464.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zabrocka L, Klimek J, Swierczsnski J (2006): Evidence that triiodothsronine decreases rat serum leptin concentration by down-regulation of leptin gene expression in white adipose tissue. Life Sci 79: 1114–1120.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar