References
- Altuntas I, Dane S, Gumustekin K (2002): Effects of cigarette smoking on lipid peroxidation. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 13: 69–72.
- Andersson SC, Rumpunen K, Johansson E, Olsson ME (2008): Tocopherols and tocotrienols in sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) berries during ripening. J Agric Food Chem 56: 6701–6706.
- Beser E, Baytan SH, Akkoyunlu D, Gul M (1995): Cigarette smoking, eating behaviour, blood haematocrit level and body mass index. Ethiop Med J 33: 155–162.
- Bhagwat SV, Vijayasarathy C, Raza H, Mullick J, Avadhani NG (1998): Preferential effects of nicotine and 4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamine)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone on mitochondrial glutathione S-transferase A4-4 induction and increased oxidative stress in the rat brain. Biochem Pharmacol 56: 831–839.
- Bories PN, Bories C (1995): Nitrate determination in biological fluids by an enzymatic one-step assay with nitrate reductase. Clin Chem 41: 904–907.
- Bradford MM (1976): A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem 72: 248–254.
- Brigelius-Flohe R, Traber MG (1999): Vitamin E: function and metabolism. FASEB J 13: 1145–1155.
- Brown KM, Morrice PC, Arthur JR, Duthie GG (1996): Effects of vitamin E supplementation on erythrocyte antioxidant defence mechanisms of smoking and non-smoking men. Clin Sci (Lond) 91: 107–111.
- Carlberg I, Mannervik B (1985): Glutathione reductase. Methods Enzymol 113: 484–490.
- Chen F, Castranova V, Shi X, Demers LM (2001): New insights into the role of nuclear factor-kappaB, a ubiquitous transcription factor in the initiation of diseases. Clin Chem 45: 7–17.
- Cheng TJ (1992): [Protective action of seed oil of Hippophae rhamnoides L. (HR) against experimental liver injury in mice]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 26: 227–229.
- Dallongeville J, Marecaux N, Fruchart JC, Amouyel P (1998): Cigarette smoking is associated with unhealthy patterns of nutrient intake: a meta-analysis. J Nutr 128: 1450–1457.
- Durak I, Canbolat O, Kacmaz M, Ozgen G, Ozturk HS (1998): Antioxidant interferences in superoxide dismutase activity methods using superoxide radical as substrate. Clin Chem Lab Med 36: 407–408.
- Ebbert JO, Post JA, Moyer TP, Dale LC, Schroeder DR, Hurt RD (2007): Nicotine percentage replacement among smokeless tobacco users with nicotine patch. Drug Alcohol Depend 89: 223–226.
- El-Sokkary GH, Cuzzocrea S, Reiter RJ (2007): Effect of chronic nicotine administration on the rat lung and liver: Beneficial role of melatonin. Toxicology 239: 60–67.
- Gao X, Ohlander M, Jeppsson N, Bjork L, Trajkovski V (2000): Changes in antioxidant effects and their relationship to phytonutrients in fruits of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) during maturation. J Agric Food Chem 48: 1485–1490.
- Gao ZL, Gu XH, Cheng FT, Jiang FH (2003): Effect of sea buckthorn on liver fibrosis: a clinical study. World J Gastroenterol 9: 1615–1617.
- Gawrieh S, Opara EC, Koch TR (2004): Oxidative stress in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: pathogenesis and antioxidant therapies. J Investig Med 52: 506–514.
- Gul M, Kutay FZ, Temocin S, Hanninen O (2000): Cellular and clinical implications of glutathione. Indian J Exp Biol 38: 625–634.
- Guliyev VB, Gul M, Yildirim A (2004): Hippophae rhamnoides L.: chromatographic methods to determine chemical composition, use in traditional medicine and pharmacological effects. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 812: 291–307.
- Gumustekin K, Altinkaynak K, Timur H, Taysi S, Oztasan N, Polat MF, Akcay F, Suleyman H, Dane S, Gul M (2003): Vitamin E but not Hippophea rhamnoides L. prevented nicotine-induced oxidative stress in rat brain. Hum Exp Toxicol 22: 425–431.
- Gutzeit D, Baleanu G, Winterhalter P, Jerz G (2008): Vitamin C content in sea buckthorn berries (Hippophae rhamnoides L. ssp. rhamnoides) and related products: A kinetic study on storage stability and the determination of processing effects. J Food Sci 73: C615–C620.
- Gvozdjakova A, Kucharska J, Gvozdjak J (1992): Effect of smoking on the oxidative processes of cardiomyocytes. Cardiology 81: 81–84.
- Habig WH, Pabst MJ, Jakoby WB (1974): Glutathione S-transferases. The first enzymatic step in mercapturic acid formation. J Biol Chem 249: 7130–7139.
- Helen A, Krishnakumar K, Vijayammal PL, Augusti KT (2000): Antioxidant effect of onion oil (Allium cepa Linn) on the damages induced by nicotine in rats as compared to alpha-tocopherol. Toxicol Lett 116: 61–68.
- Kalra J, Chaudhary AK, Prasad K (1991): Increased production of oxygen free radicals in cigarette smokers. Int J Exp Pathol 72: 1–7.
- Lieber CS (2004): Alcoholic fatty liver: Its pathogenesis and mechanism of progression to inflammation and fibrosis. Alcohol 34: 9–19.
- Liu C, Xu J, Ye CQ, Huang C (2006): [Effects and comparison of seed oil and sarcocarp oil of Hippophae rhamnoides on rats with experimental hepatocirrhosis]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 31: 1100–1102.
- Messina MJ (1991): Oxidative stress status and cancer: methodology applicable for human studies. Free Radic Biol Med 10: 175–176.
- Moshage H, Kok B, Huizenga JR, Jansen PL (1995): Nitrite and nitrate determinations in plasma: A critical evaluation. Clin Chem 41: 892–896.
- Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K (1979): Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anal Biochem 95: 351–358.
- Paglia DE, Valentina WN (1967): Studies on the quantitative and qualitative characterization of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase. J Lab Clin Med 70: 158–169.
- Rousi A (1971): The genus Hippophae L. A taxonomic study. Ann Bot Fennici 8: 177–227.
- Saggu S, Divekar HM, Gupta V, Sawhney RC, Banerjee PK, Kumar R (2007): Adaptogenic and safety evaluation of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) leaf extract: A dose dependent study. Food Chem Toxicol 45: 609–617.
- Sudheer AR, Muthukumaran S, Devipriya N, Devaraj H, Menon VP (2008): Influence of ferulic acid on nicotine-induced lipid peroxidation, DNA damage and inflammation in experimental rats as compared to N-acetylcysteine. Toxicology 243: 317–329.
- Suleyman H, Gumustekin K, Taysi S, Keles S, Oztasan N, Aktas O, Altinkaynak K, Timur H, Akcay F, Akar S, Dane S, Gul M (2002): Beneficial effects of Hippophae rhamnoides L. on nicotine induced oxidative stress in rat blood compared with vitamin E. Biol Pharm Bull 25: 1133–1136.
- Vendemiale G, Grattagliano I, Altomare E (1999): An update on the role of free radicals and antioxidant defense in human disease. Int J Clin Lab Res 29: 49–55.
- Vijayaraghavan R, Gautam A, Kumar O, Pant SC, Sharma M, Singh S, Kumar HT, Singh AK, Nivsarkar M, Kaushik MP, Sawhney RC, Chaurasia OP, Prasad GB (2006): Protective effect of ethanolic and water extracts of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) against the toxic effects of mustard gas. Indian J Exp Biol 44: 821–831.
- Wetscher GJ, Bagchi M, Bagchi D, Perdikis G, Hinder PR, Glaser K, Hinder RA (1995): Free radical production in nicotine treated pancreatic tissue. Free Radic Biol Med 18: 877–882.
- Woolf A, Burkhart K, Caraccio T, Litovitz T (1996): Self-poisoning among adults using multiple transdermal nicotine patches. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 34: 691–698.
- Yildiz D, Liu YS, Ercal N, Armstrong DW (1999): Comparison of pure nicotine- and smokeless tobacco extract-induced toxicities and oxidative stress. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 37: 434–439.