References
- Akerele O (1993): Nature’s medicinal bounty: don’t throw it way. World Health Forum 14: 390–395.
- Arora T, Gupta D, Chawla R, Sagar R, Sharma A, Kumar R (2005): Radioprotection by plant products: Present status and future prospects. Phytother Res 19: 1–22.
- Arrigoni-Martellie E (1977): Inflammation and Anti-Inflammatories. New York, Spectrum Publications, p. 1190.
- Balas RK, Agha R (1985): Isolation of a hypoglycemic principle from the bark of Ficus glomerata Roxb. Chem Pharm Bull 2: 13–14.
- Baruah KK, Gohain AK (1992): Chemical composition and nutritive value of Dimaru (Ficus glomerata Roxb.) leaves. Indian J Ani Nutr 9: 107–108.
- Basnet BK (1998): Medicinal Plants in Sindhuli District: Utilization, Trade and Management Practice. Kathmandu, Central Department of Social Science, Tribhuvan University, p. 24.
- Benny, AK, Adithan C (2000): Review of endocrine pharmacology. Indian J Pharm 32: S67–S80.
- Berg CC (1989): Classification and distribution of Ficus. Experimentia 45: 605–611.
- Bheemachari J, Ashok K, Joshi NH, Suresh DK, Gupta VRM (2007): Antidiarrheal evaluation of Ficus racemosa Linn. latex. Acta Pharm Sci 49: 133–138.
- Biswas TK, Mukherjee B (2003): Plant medicines of Indian origin for wound healing activity: A review. Intl J Lower Extremity Wounds 2: 25–39.
- Breen AP, Murphy JA (1995): Reactions of oxyradicals with DNA. Free Rad Biol Med 18: 1033–1077.
- Chandra S, Lal J, Sabir M (1979): Chemical examination of fruits of Ficus glomerata Roxb. J Indian Chem Soc 56: 1269–1270.
- Chandrashekhar CH, Latha KP, Vagdevi HM, Vaidya VP (2008): Anthelmintic activity of the crude extracts of Ficus racemosa. Intl J Green Pharm 2: 100–103.
- Channabasavaraj KP, Badami S, Bhojraj S (2008): Hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of methanol extract of Ficus glomerata. J Nat Med 62: 379–383.
- Chaudhary RP, Shakya R, Shrestha BK (1999): Nutritive values of some edible wild tropical fruits of Nepal. Scientific World 1: 25–29.
- Chopra RN, Chopra IC, Handa KL, Kapur LD (1958): Indigenous Drugs of India, second edition. Calcutta, Academic Publishers, pp. 508–674.
- CSIR (1952): The Wealth of India. New Delhi, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, pp. 35–36.
- Dangol N (2002): Documentation of the Ethnobotanical Knowledge of the Kumal Community of Chitwan District, Central Nepal. Kathmandu, Central Department of Botany, Tribhuvan University, p. 99.
- Deraniyagala SA, Wijesundera RLC, Weerasena OVDSJ (1998): Antifungal activity of Ficus racemosa leaf extract and isolation of the active compound. J Nat Sci Council Sri Lanka 26: 19–26.
- Deshmukh TA, Yadav BV, Badole SL, Bodhankar SL, Dhaneshwar SR (2007): Antihyperglycaemic activity of petroleum ether extract of Ficus racemosa fruits in alloxan induced diabetic mice. Pharmacology Online 2: 504–515.
- Dhakal MR, Aizz A (1996): General survey of fodder trees and shrubs of Biratnagar and surrounding locality. Banko Janakari 6: 11–12.
- Din LB, Yusoff NI, Samsudin MW, Suki U, Salleh KM, Ibrahim AZ, Latiff A, Said IM (2002): A preliminary phytochemical survey of plants in Crocker range, Sabah, Malaysia. ASEAN Rev Biodiversity Environ Conservation 1–7.
- DMP (1982): Wild Edible Plants of Nepal. Bulletin of the Department of Medicinal Plants no. 9. Kathmandu, Nepal, Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation, p. 285.
- Ekanayake DT (1980): Indigenous system of medicine in Sri Lanka for the treatment of skeletal fracture. Sri Lanka Forest 14: 145–152.
- Forestieri AM, Monforte MT, Ragusa S, Trovato A, Iauk L (1996): Antiinflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activity in rodents of plant extracts used in African medicine. Phytother Res 10: 100–106.
- Ghimire SK, Shrestha AK, Shrestha KK, Jha PK (2000): Plant resource use and human impact around RBNP, Nepal. J Nat History Museum 19: 3–26.
- Ghosh MN, Banerjee RH, Mukherjee SK (1963): Capillary permeability increasing property of hyaluronidase in rat. Indian J Physiol Pharma 7: 17–21.
- Hoareau L, DaSilva EJ (1999): Medicinal plants: A re-emerging health aid. Electronic J Biotechnol 2: 56–70.
- Joy PP, Thomas J, Mathew S, Skaria BP (2001): Medicinal Plants. Tropical Horticulture Vol. 2. Kolkata, Naya Prokash, pp. 449–632.
- Kar A, Choudhary BK, Bandyopadhyay NG (2003): Comparative evaluation of hypoglycemic activity of some Indian medicinal plants in alloxan diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol 84: 105–108.
- Khan N, Sultana S (2005a): Chemomodulatory effect of Ficus racemosa extract against chemically induced renal carcinogenesis and oxidative damage response in Wistar rats. Life Sci 29: 1194–1210.
- Khan N, Sultana S (2005b): Modulatory Effect of Ficus racemosa: Diminution of potassium bromate-induced renal oxidative injury and cell proliferation response. Basic Clin Pharm Toxicol 97: 282–288.
- Kirtikar KR, Basu BD (1975): Indian Medicinal Plants, second edition. Dehra Dun, Bishen Singh & Mahendra Pal Singh, pp. 2327–2328.
- Krishnaraju AV, Rao TVN, Sundararaju D, Vanishree M, Tsay HS, Subbaraju GV (2006): Biological screening of medicinal plants collected from Eastern Ghats of India using Artemia salina (Brine shrimp test). Intl J Appl Sci Engineering 4: 115–125.
- Kunwar RM, Bussmann RW (2006): Ficus (Fig) species in Nepal: a review of diversity and indigenous uses. Lyonia 11: 85–97.
- Li RW, Leach DN, Myers SP, Lin GD, Leach GJ, Waterman PG (2004): A new anti-inflammatory glucoside from Ficus racemosa L. Planta Med 70: 421–426.
- Li RW, Myers SP, Leach DN, Lin GD, Leach G (2003): A cross-cultural study: Anti-inflammatory activity of Australian and Chinese plants. J Ethnopharmacol 85: 25–32.
- Mahato RB, Chaudhary RP (2005): Ethnomedicinal study and antibacterial activities of selected plants of Palpa district, Nepal. Scientific World 3: 26–31.
- Malairajan P, Gopalakrishnan G, Narasimhan S, Kavimani S (2007): Antiulcer activity of Ficus glomerata. Pharm Biol 45: 674–677.
- Malairajan P, Gopalakrishnan G, Narasimhan S, Veni JKK (2006): Analgesic activity of some Indian medicinal plants. J Ethnopharmacol 106: 425–428.
- Manandhar NP (1972): Fodder trees. The Rising Nepal 7: 1–2.
- Manandhar NP, Acharya SK (2003): Applied Ethnobotany: Case Studies from the Himalayan Region. People and Plants working paper. UK, WWF, pp. 17–18.
- Mandal SC, Maity TK, Das J, Saba BP, Pal M (2000): Anti-inflammatory evaluation of Ficus racemosa Linn. leaf extract. J Ethnopharmacol 72: 87–92.
- Mandal SC, Mukharjee PK, Saha K, Das J, Pal M, Saha BP (1997a): Hypoglycemic activity of Ficus racemosa L. (Moraceae) leaves in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Nat Prod Sci 3: 38–41.
- Mandal SC, Mukherjee PK, Saha K, Pal M, Saha BP (1997b): Antidiarrheal evaluation of Ficus racemosa Linn. leaf extract. Nat Prod Sci 3: 100–103.
- Mandal SC, Saha BP, Pal M (2000): Studies on antibacterial activity of Ficus racemosa Linn. leaf extract. Phytother Res 14: 278–280.
- Mandal SC, Tapan K, Maity J, Das M, Pal Saha, BP (1999): Hepatoprotective activity of Ficus racemosa leaf extract on liver damage caused by carbon tetrachloride in rats. Phytotherapy Res 13: 430–432.
- Manian R, Anusuya N, Siddhuraju P, Manian S (2008): The antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging potential of two different solvent extracts of Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntz, Ficus bengalensis L. and Ficus racemosa L. Food Chem 107: 1000–1007.
- Meenal K, Ravindra S, Madhu K, Senthamil R, Selvan Begraj, S (2006): Protective effect of Adhatoda vascia Nees against radiation-induced damage at cellular, biochemical and chromosomal levels in Swiss albino mice. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 4: 343–350.
- Merchant JR, Bakshi VM, Engineer AB (1979): Chemical investigation of the fruits of Ficus glomerata Roxb. Indian J Chem 17B: 87–88.
- Mishra V, Khan NU, Singhal KC (2005): Potential antifilarial activity of fruit extracts of Ficus racemosa Linn. against Setaria cervi in vitro. Indian J Expt Biol 43: 346–350.
- Mukherjee PK, Saha K, Murugesan T, Mandal SC, Pal M, Saha BP (1998): Screening of anti-diarrheal profile of some plant extracts of a specific region of West Bengal. India. J Ethnopharmacol 60: 85–89.
- Nadkarni KM, Nadkarni AK, Chopra RN (1976): Indian Materia Medica. Bombay, Popular Prakashan, pp. 548–550.
- Nair R, Chanda SV (2006): Activity of some medicinal plants against certain pathogenic bacterial strains. Indian J Pharm 38: 142–144.
- Nair R, Chanda SV (2007): Antibacterial activities of some medicinal plants of the western region of India. Turkish J Biol 31: 231–236.
- Narender T, Khaliq T, Singh AB, Joshi MD, Mishra P, Chaturvedi JP, Srivastava AK, Maurya R, Agarwal SC (2009): Synthesis of alpha-amyrin derivatives and their in vivo antihyperglycemic activity. Eur J Med Chem 44: 1215–1222.
- Nguyen TD, Pham DT, Nguyen TD, Chau VM (2001): Some compounds isolated from Momordica chchinchinensis seed and Ficus glomerata bark. Ly Va Sinh Hoc 6: 66–69.
- Novotny V, Basset Y, Miller SE, Drozd P, Cizek L (2002): Host specialization of leaf chewing insects in New Guinea rainforest. Journal of Animal Ecology 71: 400–412.
- Pathak KR (2000): Study of Ethnobotany of the Danuwar: A Case Study of Piple, Chitwan, Nepal. Kathmandu, Nepal, Central Department of Zoology, Tribhuvan University, p. 84.
- Patil KS, Warke PD, Chaturvedi SC (2006): Hypoglycemic properties of Ficus glomerata fruits in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. J Nat Remidies 6: 120–123.
- Patil VV, Pimprikar RB, Sutar NG, Barhate AL, Patil LS, Patil AP, Chaudhari RY, Patil VR (2009): Anti-hyperglycemic activity of Ficus racemosa Linn leaves. J Pharm Res 2: 54–57.
- Paudyal S (2000): Ethnobotanical Study of the Tharus Living in Central Part of Dang, Midwest Nepal. Kathmandu, Nepal, Central Department of Botany, Tribhuvan University, p. 154.
- Rahman NN, Khan M, Hasan R (1994): Bioactive components from Ficus glomerata. Pure Appl Chem 66: 2287–2290.
- Rahuman AA, Venkatesan P, Geetha K, Gopalakrishnan G, Bagavan A, Kamaraj C (2008): Mosquito larvicidal activity of gluanol acetate, a tetracyclic triterpenes derived from Ficus racemosa Linn. Parasitology Res 103: 333–339.
- Rao BR, Anipama K, Swaroop A, Murugesan T, Pal M, Mandal SC (2002a): Evaluation of anti-pyretic potential of Ficus racemosa bark. Phytomedicine 9: 731–733.
- Rao BR, Murugesan T, Pal M, Saha BP, Mandal SC (2003): Antitussive potential of methanol extract of stem bark of Ficus racemosa Linn. Phytothrapy Res 17: 1117–1118.
- Rao BR, Murugesan T, Sinha S, Saha BP, Pal M, Mandal SC (2002b): Glucose lowering efficacy of Ficus racemosa bark extract in normal and alloxan diabetic rats. Phytother Res 16: 590–592.
- Rao ChV, Verma AR, Vijayakumar M, Rastogi S (2008): Gastroprotective effect of standardized extract of Ficus glomerata fruit on experimental gastric ulcers in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 115: 323–326.
- Sah JP, Singh RL, Bhatta N (2002): Floristic diversity and use of plants in Ghodaghodi Lake, Nepal. J Nat History Museum 21: 243–266.
- Sangameswaran B, Balakrishnan BR, Bhaskar VH, Jayakar B (2008): Antiulcerogenic effects of unripe fruits of Ficus racemosa Linn. Asian J Chem 20: 5233–5236.
- Sangameswaran B, Balakrishnan BR, Jayakar B (2007): Anti-ulcerogenic effects of methanol extract of unripe fruits of Ficus racemosa Linn. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 4: 713–716.
- Sharma SK, Gupta VK (2008): In vitro antioxidant studies of Ficus racemosa Linn. root. Pharmacog Mag 4: 70–73.
- Shrotri DS, Aiman R (1960): The relationship of the post-absorptive state to the hypoglycemic action studies on Ficus bengalensis and Ficus glomerata. Indian J Med Res 48: 162–168.
- Singhal RK, Saharia HS (1980): Chemical examination of Ficus glomerata Roxb. Herba Hung 19: 17–20.
- Siwakoti M, Siwakoti S (2000): Ethnobotany and Medicinal Plants of Indian Subcontinent. Jodhpur, Scientific Publishers, pp. 79.
- Sophia D, Manoharan S (2007): Hypolipidemic activities of Ficus racemosa Linn. bark in alloxan induced diabetic rats. African J Trad Com Med 4: 279–288.
- Thapa S (2001): Documentation of Traditional Uses of Plants by Tharu Community Around Royal Sukla-Phanta Wildlife Reserve, Far West Nepal. Kathmandu, Nepal, Central Department of Botany, Tribhuvan University, p. 61.
- Tiwari RD (2001): Environment and Agriculture: Biodiversity, Agriculture and Pollution in South Asia. Ecological Society of Kathmandu, Nepal, p. 238.
- Trivedi CP, Shinde S, Sharma RC (1969): Preliminary phytochemical and pharmacological studies on Ficus racemosa extract (Gular). Indian J Med Res 57: 1070–1074.
- UNESCO (1996): Culture and Health, Orientation Texts - World Decade for Cultural Development 1988-1997, CLT/DEC/PRO-1996, Paris, UNESCO, p. 129.
- UNESCO (1998): Promotion of Ethnobotany and the Sustainable Use of Plant Resources in Africa, Terminal report, FIT/504-RAF-48 Paris, UNESCO, p. 60.
- Varier FS (1995): Indian Medicinal Plants, Vol. 3. Hyderabad, India, Orient Longman, pp. 34–37.
- Vasudevan K, Sophia D, Balakrishanan S, Manoharan S (2007): Antihyperglycemic and antilipidperoxidative effects of Ficus racemosa (Linn.) bark extracts in alloxan induced diabetic rats. J Med Sci 7: 330–338.
- Veerapur VP, Prabhakar KR,Parihar VK, Kandadi MR,Ramakrishana S, Mishra B, Satish Rao BS, Srinivasan KK, Priyadarsini KI, Unnikrishnan MK (2007): Ficus racemosa stem bark extract: A potent antioxidant and a probable natural radioprotector. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 119: 1–8.
- Vihari V (1995): Ethnobotany of cosmetics of Indo-Nepal border. Ethnobotany 7: 89–94.
- Wadood N, Nisar M, Rashid A, Wadood A, Gul-Nawab Khan, A (2007): Effect of a compound recipe (medicinal plants) on serum insulin levels of alloxan induced diabetic rabbits. J Ayub Med Col Abbottabad 19: 32–38.
- Yadav RKP (1999): Proceedings of the Third National Conference of Science and Technology. Kathmandu, Nepal, Royal Nepal Academy of Science and Technology, pp. 1421–1423.