The protective mechanism of schisandrin A in d-galactosamine-induced acute liver injury through activation of autophagy

References

• Andromachi K, Fabio F, Romilda C, et al. (2012). Autophagy and apoptosis-related genes in chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Gastroenterol 12:118–29
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arsov I, Li X, Matthews G, et al. (2008). BAC-mediated transgenic expression of fluorescent autophagic protein beclin 1 reveals a role for beclin 1 in lymphocyte development. Cell Death Differ 15:1385–95
   Google Scholar
• Cheng N, Ren NY, Gao H, et al. (2013). Antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of Schisandra chinensis pollen extract on CCl4-induced acute liver damage in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 55:234–40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Degenhardt K, Mathew R, Beaudoin B, et al. (2006). Autophagy promotes tumor cell survival and restricts necrosis, inflammation and tumorigenesis. Cancer Cell 10:51–64
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Du W, Huang LJ, Wang XF. (2012). Deceit pollination and the effect of deforestation on reproduction in dioecious Schisandra sphenanthera (Schisandraceae) in central China. J Syst Evol 50:36–44
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duan GJ, Zhu J, Xu CY, et al. (2011). Protective effect of Go6976, a PKD inhibitor on LPS/d-GalN-induced acute liver injury in mice. Inflamm Res 60:357–66
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Mofty SK, Scrutton MC, Serroni A, et al. (1975). Early, reversible plasma membrane injury in galactosamineinduced liver cell death. Am J Pathol 79:579–96
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo XL, Li D, Hu F, et al. (2012). Targeting autophagy potentiates chemotherapy-induced apoptosis and proliferation inhibition in hepatocarcinoma cells. Cancer Lett 320:171–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hidvegi T, Ewing M, Hale P, et al. (2010). An autophagy-enhancing drug promotes degradation of mutant alpha 1-antitrypsin Z and reduces hepatic fibrosis. Science 329:229–32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• In SH, Jee EK, Yong JL, et al. (2013). Protective effects of gomisin A isolated from Schisandra chinensis against CCL4-induced hepatic and renal injury. Int J Mol Med 31:888–98
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim R, Emi M, Matsuura K, Tanabe K. (2007). Antisense and non-antisense effects of antisense Bcl-2 on multiple roles of Bcl-2 as a chemosensitizer in cancer therapy. Cancer Gene Ther 14:1–11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levine B, Klionsky DJ. (2004). Development by self-digestion: Molecular mechanisms and biological function of autophagy. Dev Cell 6:463–77
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD. (2001). Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) method. Methods 25:402–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lozy F, Karantza V. (2012). Autophagy and cancer cell metabolism. Semin Cell Dev Biol 23:395–401
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma T, Li YY, Zhu J, et al. (2013). Enhanced autophagic flux by endoplasmic reticulum stress in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells contributes to the maintenance of cells viability. Oncol Rep 30:443–40
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mihara M, Erster S, Zaika A, et al. (2003). P53 has a direct apoptogenic role at the mitochondria. Mol Cell 11:577–90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakagiri R, Hashizume E, Kavahashi S, et al. (2003). Suppression by Hydrangeae Dulcis folium of d-galactosamine induced liver injury in vitro and in vivo. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 67:2641–3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rautou PE, Mansouri A, Lebrec D, et al. (2010). Autophagy in liver disease. J Hepatol 53:1123–34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang H, Da L, Mao Y, et al. (2009). Hepatitis B virus X protein sensitizes cells to starvation-induced autophagy via up-regulation of Beclin 1 expression. Hepatology 49:60–71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang SH, He RR, Huang T, et al. (2011). The protective effect of schisandra lignans on stress-evoked hepatic metastases of P815 tumor cells in restraint mice. J Ethnopharmacol 134:141–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang XH, Gao L, Gao J, et al. (2004). Mechanisms of hepatoprotection of Terminalia catappa L. extract on d-galactosamine-induced liver damage. Am J Chin Med 32:509–19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Werling K. (2011). Role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of liver disease. Orvosi Hetilap 152:1955–61
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Xu MJ, Wang GJ, Xie HT, et al. (2005). Determination of schisandrin in rat plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and its application in rat pharmacokinetic studies. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 828:55–61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yan F, Zhang QY, Jiao L, et al. (2009). Synergistic hepatoprotective effect of Schisandrae lignans with Astragalus polysaccharides on chronic liver injury in rats. Phytomedicine 16:805–13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yan Y, Shay JW, Wright WE, Mumby MC. (1997). Inhibition of protein phosphatase activity induces p53-dependent apoptosis in the absence of p53 transactivation. J Biol Chem 272:15220–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yin XM, Ding WX, Gao W. (2008). Autophagy in the liver. Hepatology 47:1773–85
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoshikawa T, Yokoe N, Takemura S, et al. (1979). Lipid peroxidation and lysosomal enzymes in d-galactosamine hepatitis and its protection by vitamin E. Gastroenterol Jap 14:31–9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yuan X, Hao HP, Kang A, et al. (2010). Integral pharmacokinetics of multiple lignan components in normal, CCL4-induced hepatic injury and hepatoprotective agents pretreated rats and correlations with hepatic injury biomarkers. J Ethnopharmacol 131:290–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao T, Mao GH, Mao RW, et al. (2013). Antitumor and immunomodulatory activity of a water-soluble low molecular weight polysaccharide from Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. Food Chem Toxicol 55:609–16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar