References
- Burlew BS, Weber KT. Connective tissue and the heart. Functional significance and regulatory mechanisms. Cardiol Clin. 2000;18:435–42.
- Segura AM, Frazier OH, Buja LM. Fibrosis and heart failure. Heart Fail Rev. 2014;19:173–85.
- Li D, Fareh S, Leung TK, Nattel S. Promotion of atrial fibrillation by heart failure in dogs: Atrial remodeling of a different sort. Circulation. 1999;100:87–95.
- López B, González A, Díez J. Circulating biomarkers of collagen metabolism in cardiac diseases. Circulation. 2010;121:1645–54.
- Querejeta R, López B, González A, Sanchez E, Larman M, Martinez Ubago JL, Díez J. Increased collagen type-I synthesis in patients with heart failure of hypertensive origin: Relation to myocardial fibrosis. Circulation. 2004;110:1263–8.
- Klappacher G, Franzen P, Haab D, Mehrabi M, Binder M, Plesch K, et al. Measuring extracellular matrix turnover in the serum of patients with idiopathic or ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy and impact on diagnosis and prognosis. Am J Cardiol. 1995;75:913–8.
- Kallergis EM, Manios EG, Kanoupakis EM, Mavrakis HE, Arfanakis DA, Maliaraki NE, et al. Extracellular matrix alterations in patients with paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation: Biochemical assessment of collagen type-I turnover. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008;52:211–5.
- Chiu YW, Lo MT, Tsai MR, Chang YC, Hsu RB, Yu HY, et al. Applying harmonic optical microscopy for spatial alignment of atrial collagen fibers. PLoS One. 2010;5:e13917.
- Timonen P, Magga J, Risteli J, Punnonen K, Vanninen E, Turpeinen A, et al. Cytokines, interstitial collagen and ventricular remodelling in dilated cardiomyopathy. Int J Cardiol. 2008;124:293–300.
- Mejhert M, Kahan T, Persson H, Edner M. Limited long term effects of a management programme for heart failure. Heart. 2004;90:1010–5.
- Mejhert M, Kahan T, Edner M, Persson HE. Sex differences in systolic heart failure in the elderly: the prognostic importance of left ventricular mass in women. J Womens Health. 2008;17:373–81.
- Nagueh SF, Middleton KJ, Kopelen HA, Zoghbi WA, Quinones MA. Doppler tissue imaging: a noninvasive technique for evaluation of left ventricular relaxation and estimation of filling pressures. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1997;30:1527–33.
- Collier P, Watson CJ, Voon V, Phelan D, Jan A, Mak G, et al. Can emerging biomarkers of myocardial remodelling identify asymptomatic hypertensive patients at risk for diastolic dysfunction and diastolic heart failure? Eur J Heart Fail. 2011;13:1087–95.
- Abulhul E1, McDonald K, Martos R, Phelan D, Spiers JP, Hennessy M, et al. Long-term statin therapy in patients with systolic heart failure and normal cholesterol: effects on elevated serum markers of collagen turnover, inflammation, and B-type natriuretic peptide. Clin Ther. 2012;34:91–100.
- Löfsjögård J, Kahan T, Díez J, López B, Gónzalez A, Edner M, et al. Biomarkers of collagen type i metabolism are related to BNP, left ventricular size and diastolic function in heart failure. J Cardiovasc Med. 2014;15:463–9.
- Shimano M, Shibata R, Tsuji Y, Kamiya H, Uchikawa T, Harata S, et al. Circulating adiponectin levels in patients with atrial fibrillation. Circ J. 2008;72:1120–4.
- Kostin S, Klein G, Szalay Z, Hein S, Bauer EP, Schaper J. Structural correlate of atrial fibrillation in human patients. Cardiovasc Res. 2002;54:361–79.
- Boldt A, Wetzel U, Lauschke J, Weigl J, Gummert J, Hindricks G, et al. Fibrosis in left atrial tissue of patients with atrial fibrillation with and without underlying mitral valve disease. Heart. 2004;90:400–5.
- Iwasaki YK, Nishida K, Kato T, Nattel S. Atrial fibrillation pathophysiology: Implications for management. Circulation. 2011;124:2264–74.
- Pedersen OD, Sondergaard P, Nielsen T, Nielsen SJ, Nielsen ES, Falstie-Jensen N, et al. Atrial fibrillation, ischaemic heart disease, and the risk of death in patients with heart failure. Eur Heart J. 2006;27:2866–70.
- Neuberger HR, Cacciatore A, Reil JC, Gräber S, Schäfers HJ, Ukena C, et al. Procollagen propeptides: serum markers for atrial fibrosis? Clin Res Cardiol. 2012;101:655–61
- Ling LH, Kistler PM, Ellims AH, Iles LM, Lee G, Hughes GL, et al. Diffuse ventricular fibrosis in atrial fibrillation: Noninvasive evaluation and relationships with aging and systolic dysfunction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;60:2402–8.
- Aldhoon B, Kucera T, Smorodinova N, Martinek J, Melenovsky V, Kautzner J. Associations between cardiac fibrosis and permanent atrial fibrillation in advanced heart failure. Physiol Res. 2013;62:247–55.
- Cao H, Xue L, Wu Y, Ma H, Chen L, Wang X, et al. Natriuretic peptides and right atrial fibrosis in patients with paroxysmal versus persistent atrial fibrillation. Peptides. 2010;31:1531–9.
- Díez J, Querejeta R, López B, González A, Larman M, Martinez Ubago JL. Losartan-dependent regression of myocardial fibrosis is associated with reduction of left ventricular chamber stiffness in hypertensive patients. Circulation. 2002;105:2512–7.
- Izawa H, Murohara T, Nagata K, Isobe S, Asano H, Amano T, et al. Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonism ameliorates left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and myocardial fibrosis in mildly symptomatic patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: A pilot study. Circulation. 2006;112:2940–5.