Exogenous hCG activity, but not endogenous LH activity, is positively associated with live birth rates in anovulatory infertility

References

• Acevedo, B., Sanchez, M., Gomez, J. L., Cuadros, J., Ricciarelli, E., & Hernández, E. R. (2004). Luteinizing hormone supplementation increases pregnancy rates in gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist donor cycles. Fertility & Sterility, 82, 343–347.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balasch, J. (2004). The role of FSH and LH in ovulation induction: current concepts and the contribution of recombinant gonadotropins. Textbook of assisted reproductive techniques: laboratory and clinical perspectives, In: Gardner, D. K., Weissman, A., Howles, C. M., Shoham, Z., (Eds), 2nd edLondonTaylor and Francis, p 541–565
   Google Scholar
• Balasch, J., Fábregues, F., Casamitjana, R., Peñarrubia, J., & Vanrell, J. A. (2003). A pharmacokinetic and endocrine comparison of recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone and human menopausal gonadotrophin in polycystic ovary syndrome. Reproductive Biomedicine Online, 6, 296–301.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Balen, A. H., Braat, D. D., West, C., Patel, A., & Jacobs, H. S. (1994). Cumulative conception and live birth rates after the treatment of anovulatory infertility: safety and efficacy of ovulation induction in 200 patients. Human Reproduction, 9, 1563–1570.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balen, A. H., Conway, G. S., Kaltsas, G., Techatrasak, K., Manning, P. J., West, C., & Jacobs, H. S. (1995). Polycystic ovary syndrome: the spectrum of the disorder in 1741 patients. Human Reproduction, 10, 2107–2111.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chan, C. C., Ng, E. H., Chan, M. M., Tang, O. S., Lau, E. Y., Yeung, W. S., et al. (2003). Bioavailability of hCG after intramuscular or subcutaneous injection in obese and non-obese women. Human Reproduction, 18, 2294–2297.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coelingh Bennink, H. J., Fauser, B. C., & Out, H. J. (1998). Recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH; Puregon) is more efficient than urinary FSH (Metrodin) in women with clomiphene citrate-resistant, normogonadotropic, chronic anovulation: a prospective, multicenter, assessor-blind, randomized, clinical trial. European Puregon Collaborative Anovulation Study Group. Fertility & Sterility, 69, 19–25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conway, G. S., Honour, J. W., & Jacobs, H. S. (1989). Heterogeneity of the polycystic ovary syndrome: clinical, endocrine and ultrasound features in 556 patients. Clinical Endocrinology, 30, 459–470.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Leeuw, R., Mulders, J., Voortman, G., Rombout, F., Damm, J., & Kloosterboer, L. (1996). Structure-function relationship of recombinant follicle stimulating hormone (Puregon). Molecular Human Reproduction, 2, 361–369.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fauser, B. C., Pache, T. D., Lamberts, S. W., Hop, W. C., de Jong, F. H., & Dahl, K. D. (1991). Serum bioactive and immunoreactive luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone levels in women with cycle abnormalities, with or without polycystic ovarian disease. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 73, 811–817.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franks, S. (1989). Polycystic ovary syndrome. Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism, 1, 60–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Griesinger, G. & Diedrich, K. (2006). Role of LH in ovarian stimulation: considerations. Reproductive Biomedicine Online, 12, 404–406.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamilton-Fairley, D., Kiddy, D., Watson, H., Sagle, M., & Franks, S. (1991). Low-dose gonadotrophin therapy for induction of ovulation in 100 women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Human Reproduction, 6, 1095–1099.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hillier, S. G. (1994). Current concepts of the roles of follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone in folliculogenesis. Human Reproduction, 9, 188–191.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Homburg, R. & Howles, C. M. (1999). Low-dose FSH therapy for anovulatory infertility associated with polycystic ovary syndrome: rationale, results, reflections and refinements. Human Reproduction Update, 5, 493–499.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huddleston, H. G., Jackson, K. V., Doyle, J. O., & Racowsky, C. (2009). hMG increases the yield of mature oocytes and excellent-quality embryos in patients with a previous cycle having a high incidence of oocyte immaturity. Fertility & Sterility, 92, 946–949.
   Google Scholar
• Imani, B., Eijkemans, M. J., te Velde, E. R., Habbema, J. D., & Fauser, B. C. (1999). Predictors of chances to conceive in ovulatory patients during clomiphene citrate induction of ovulation in normogonadotropic oligoamenorrheic infertility. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 84, 1617–1622.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobs, H. S. & Homburg, R. R. (1990). The endocrinology of conception. Baillieres Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 4, 195–205.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kousta, E., White, D. M., & Franks, S. (1997). Modern use of clomiphene citrate in induction of ovulation. Human Reproduction Update, 3, 359–365.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laven, J. S., Imani, B., Eijkemans, M. J., & Fauser, B. C. (2002). New approach to polycystic ovary syndrome and other forms of anovulatory infertility. Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey, 57, 755–767.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lisi, F., Rinaldi, L., Fishel, S., Caserta, D., Lisi, R., & Campbell, A. (2005). Evaluation of two doses of recombinant luteinizing hormone supplementation in an unselected group of women undergoing follicular stimulation for in vitro fertilization. Fertility & Sterility, 83, 309–315.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mulders, A. G., Eijkemans, M. J., Imani, B., & Fauser, B. C. (2003a). Prediction of chances for success or complications in gonadotrophin ovulation induction in normogonadotrophic anovulatory infertility. Reproductive Biomedicine Online, 7, 170–178.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mulders, A. G, Laven, J. S., Eijkemans, M. J. C., Hughes, E. G., & Fauser, B. C. (2003b). Patient predictors for outcome with gonadotropin ovulation induction in women with normogonadotrophic anovulatory infertility: a meta-analysis. Human Reproduction Update, 9, 429–449.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nugent, D., Vandekerckhove, P., Hughes, E., Arnot, M., & Lilford, R. (2000). Gonadotrophin therapy for ovulation induction in subfertility associated with polycystic ovary syndrome. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2000, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD000410. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000410.
   Google Scholar
• Platteau, P., Nyboe Andersen, A., Balen, A., Devroey, P., Sørensen, P. Helmgaard, L., et al. (2006). Similar ovulation rates, but different follicular development with highly purified menotrophin compared with recombinant FSH in WHO Group II anovulatory infertility: a randomized controlled study. Human Reproduction, 21, 1798–1804.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Platteau, P., Smitz, J., Albano, C., Sørensen, P., Arce, J-C., & Devroey, P. (2004). Exogenous luteinizing hormone activity may influence the treatment outcome in in vitro fertilization but not in intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles. Fertility & Sterility, 81, 1401–1404.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rai, R., Backos, M., Rushworth, F., & Regan, L. (2000). Polycystic ovaries and recurrent miscarriage-a reappraisal. Human Reproduction, 15, 612–615.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Regan, L., Owen, E. J., & Jacobs, H. S. (1990). Hypersecretion of luteinising hormone, infertility, and miscarriage. Lancet, 336, 1141–1144.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shoham, Z. (2002). The clinical therapeutic window for luteinizing hormone in controlled ovarian stimulation. Fertility & Sterility, 77, 1170–1177.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shoham, Z., Borenstein, R., Lunenfeld, B., & Pariente, C. (1990). Hormonal profiles following clomiphene citrate therapy in conception and nonconception cycles. Clinical Endocrinology, 33, 271–278.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smitz, J., Andersen, A. N., Devroey, P., Arce, J. C., & MERIT Group. (2007). Endocrine profile in serum and follicular fluid differs after ovarian stimulation with HP-hMG or recombinant FSH in IVF patients. Human Reproduction, 22, 676–687.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor, A. E., McCourt, B., Martin, K. A., Anderson, E. J., Adams, J. M., & Schoenfeld, D. (1997). Determinants of abnormal gonadotropin secretion in clinically defined women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 82, 2248–2256.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Santbrink, E. J., Hop, W. C., & Fauser, B. C. (1997). Classification of normogonadotropic infertility: polycystic ovaries diagnosed by ultrasound versus endocrine characteristics of polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertility & Sterility, 67, 452–458.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Weghofer, A., Munné, S., Brannath, W., Chen, S., Tomkin, G., Cekleniak, N., et al. (2008). The impact of LH-containing gonadotropins on diploidy rates in preimplantation embryos: long protocol stimulation. Human Reproduction, 23, 499–503.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolfenson, C., Groisman, J., Couto, A. S., Hedenfalk, M., Cortvrindt, R. G., Smitz, J. E., et al. (2005). Batch-to-batch consistency of human-derived gonadotrophin preparations compared with recombinant preparations. Reproductive Biomedicine Online, 10, 442–454.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ziebe, S., Lundin, K., Janssens, R., Helmgaard, L., Arce, J. C., & MERIT (Menotrophin vs Recombinant FSH in vitro Fertilisation Trial) Group. (2007). Influence of ovarian stimulation with HP-hMG or recombinant FSH on embryo quality parameters in patients undergoing IVF. Human Reproduction, 22, 2404–2413.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar