In Vitro Fertilisation: Perinatal Risks and Early Childhood Outcomes

References

• Bhattacharya S, Porter M, Amalraj E, Templeton A, Hamilton M, Lee AJ, Kurinczuk JJ. The epidemiology of infertility in the North East of Scotland. Hum Reprod 2009;24:3096–107.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vitthala S, Gelbaya TA, Brison DR, Fitzgerald CT, Nardo LG. The risk of monozygotic twins after assisted reproductive technology: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Human Reprod Update 2009;15:45–55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Human Fertilisation & Embryology Authority. Latest UK IVF figures – 2008. London: HFEA; 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Human Fertilisation & Embryology Authority. Multiple births and single embryo transfer review. London: HFEA; 2011 [http://www.hfea.gov.uk/530.html]
   Google Scholar
• Helmerhorst FM, Perquin DA, Donker D, Keirse MJ. Perinatal outcome of singletons and twins after assisted conception: a systematic review of controlled studies. BMJ 2004;328:261.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jackson RA, Gibson KA, Wu YW, Croughan MS. Perinatal outcomes in singletons following in vitro fertilization: a meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol 2004;103:551–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDonald SD, Han Z, Mulla S, Murphy KE, Beyene J, Ohlsson A. Preterm birth and low birth weight among in vitro fertilization singletons: a systematic review and meta-analyses. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2009;146:138–48.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nelson SM, Lawlor DA. Predicting live birth, preterm delivery, and low birth weight in infants born from in vitro fertilisation: a prospective study of 144,018 treatment cycles. PLoS Med 2011;8:e1000386.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dickey RP, Taylor SN, Lu PY, Sartor BM, Storment JM, Rye PH, et al. Spontaneous reduction of multiple pregnancy: incidence and effect on outcome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2002;186:77–83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinborg A, Lidegaard O, la Cour Freiesleben N, Andersen AN. Consequences of vanishing twins in IVF/ICSI pregnancies. Hum Reprod 2005;20:2821–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDonald SD, Han Z, Mulla S, Ohlsson A, Beyene J, Murphy KE. Preterm birth and low birth weight among in vitro fertilization twins: a systematic review and meta-analyses. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2010;148:105–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schieve LA, Meikle SF, Ferre C, Peterson HB, Jeng G, Wilcox LS. Low and very low birth weight in infants conceived with use of assisted reproductive technology. N Engl J Med 2002;346:731–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Neubourg D, Gerris J, Mangelschots K, Van Royen E, Vercruyssen M, Steylemans A, et al. The obstetrical and neonatal outcome of babies born after single-embryo transfer in IVF/ICSI compares favourably to spontaneously conceived babies. Hum Reprod 2006;21:1041–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rimm AA, Katayama AC, Diaz M, Katayama KP. A meta-analysis of controlled studies comparing major malformation rates in IVF and ICSI infants with naturally conceived children. J Assist Reprod Genet 2004;21:437–43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen M, Bower C, Milne E, de Klerk N, Kurinczuk JJ. Assisted reproductive technologies and the risk of birth defects – a systematic review. Hum Reprod 2005;20:328–38.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDonald S, Murphy K, Beyene J, Ohlsson A. Perinatal outcomes of in vitro fertilization twins: a systematic review and meta-analyses. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2005;193:141–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu JL, Basso O, Obel C, Bille C, Olsen J. Infertility, infertility treatment, and congenital malformations: Danish national birth cohort. BMJ 2006;333:679.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Reefhuis J, Honein MA, Schieve LA, Correa A, Hobbs CA, Rasmussen SA. Assisted reproductive technology and major structural birth defects in the United States. Hum Reprod 2009;24:360–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Chaar D, Yang Q, Gao J, Bottomley J, Leader A, Wen SW, et al. Risk of birth defects increased in pregnancies conceived by assisted human reproduction. Fertil Steril 2009;92:1557–61.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schreurs A, Legius E, Meuleman C, Fryns JP, D’Hooghe TM. Increased frequency of chromosomal abnormalities in female partners of couples undergoing in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Fertil Steril 2000;74:94–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clementini E, Palka C, Iezzi I, Stuppia L, Guanciali-Franchi P, Tiboni GM. Prevalence of chromosomal abnormalities in 2078 infertile couples referred for assisted reproductive techniques. Hum Reprod 2005;20:437–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krausz C, Degl’Innocenti S. Y chromosome and male infertility: update, 2006. Front Biosci 2006;11:3049–61.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simoni M, Bakker E, Krausz C. EAA/EMQN best practice guidelines for molecular diagnosis of y-chromosomal microdeletions. State of the art 2004. Int J Androl 2004;27:240–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silber SJ, Alagappan R, Brown LG, Page DC. Y chromosome deletions in azoospermic and severely oligozoospermic men undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection after testicular sperm extraction. Hum Reprod 1998;13:3332–7.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kamischke A, Gromoll J, Simoni M, Behre HM, Nieschlag E. Transmission of a Y chromosomal deletion involving the deleted in azoospermia (DAZ) and chromodomain (CDY1) genes from father to son through intracytoplasmic sperm injection: case report. Hum Reprod 1999;14:2320–2.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Page DC, Silber S, Brown LG. Men with infertility caused by AZFc deletion can produce sons by intracytoplasmic sperm injection, but are likely to transmit the deletion and infertility. Hum Reprod 1999;14:1722–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cram DS, Ma K, Bhasin S, Arias J, Pandjaitan M, Chu B, et al. Y chromosome analysis of infertile men and their sons conceived through intracytoplasmic sperm injection: vertical transmission of deletions and rarity of de novo deletions. Fertil Steril 2000;74:909–15.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lee SH, Ahn SY, Lee KW, Kwack K, Jun HS, Cha KY. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection may lead to vertical transmission, expansion, and de novo occurrence of Y-chromosome microdeletions in male fetuses. Fertil Steril 2006;85:1512–5.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Laprise SL. Implications of epigenetics and genomic imprinting in assisted reproductive technologies. Mol Reprod Dev 2009;76:1006–18.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wilkins-Haug L. Epigenetics and assisted reproduction. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2009;21:201–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amor DJ, Halliday J. A review of known imprinting syndromes and their association with assisted reproduction technologies. Hum Reprod 2008;23:2826–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dumoulin JC, Land JA, Van Montfoort AP, Nelissen EC, Coonen E, Derhaag JG, et al. Effect of in vitro culture of human embryos on birthweight of newborns. Hum Reprod 2010;25:605–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young LE, Sinclair KD, Wilmut I. Large offspring syndrome in cattle and sheep. Rev Reprod 1998;3:155–63.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sato A, Otsu E, Negishi H, Utsunomiya T, Arima T. Aberrant DNA methylation of imprinted loci in superovulated oocytes. Hum Reprod 2007;22:26–35.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Market-Velker BA, Zhang L, Magri LS, Bonvissuto AC, Mann MR. Dual effects of superovulation: loss of maternal and paternal imprinted methylation in a dose-dependent manner. Hum Mol Gen 2010;19:36–51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wisborg K, Ingerslev HJ, Henriksen TB. IVF and stillbirth: a prospective follow-up study. Hum Reprod 2010;25:1312–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaques AM, Amor DJ, Baker HW, Healy DL, Ukoumunne OC, Breheny S, et al. Adverse obstetric and perinatal outcomes in subfertile women conceiving without assisted reproductive technologies. Fertil Steril 2010;94:2674–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Draper ES, Kurinczuk JJ, Abrams KR, Clarke M. Assessment of separate contributions to perinatal mortality of infertility history and treatment: a case-control analysis. Lancet 1999;353:1746–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Basso O, Olsen J. Subfecundity and neonatal mortality: longitudinal study within the Danish national birth cohort. BMJ 2005;330:393–4.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Liebaers I, Desmyttere S, Verpoest W, De Rycke M, Staessen C, Sermon K, et al. Report on a consecutive series of 581 children born after blastomere biopsy for preimplantation genetic diagnosis. Hum Reprod 2010;25:275–82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harper JC, Coonen E, De Rycke M, Harton G, Moutou C, Pehlivan T, et al. ESHRE PGD Consortium data collection X: cycles from January to December 2007 with pregnancy follow- up to October 2008. Hum Reprod 2010;25:2685–707.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verpoest W, Van Landuyt L, Desmyttere S, Cremers A, Devroey P, Liebaers I. The incidence of monozygotic twinning following PGD is not increased. Hum Reprod 2009;24:2945–50.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Blake DA, Farquhar CM, Johnson N, Proctor M. Cleavage stage versus blastocyst stage embryo transfer in assisted conception. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007;4:CD002118.
   Google Scholar
• Papanikolaou EG, Kolibianakis EM, Tournaye H, Venetis CA, Fatemi H, Tarlatzis B, et al. Live birth rates after transfer of equal number of blastocysts or cleavage-stage embryos in IVF. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod 2008;23:91–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young LE, Fernandes K, McEvoy TG, Butterwith SC, Gutierrez CG, Carolan C, et al. Epigenetic change in IGF2R is associated with fetal overgrowth after sheep embryo culture. Nat Genet 2001;27:153–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernandez-Gonzalez R, Moreira P, Bilbao A, Jimenez A, Perez-Crespo M, Ramirez MA, et al. Long-term effect of in vitro culture of mouse embryos with serum on mRNA expression of imprinting genes, development, and behavior. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004;101:5880–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ecker DJ, Stein P, Xu Z, Williams CJ, Kopf GS, Bilker WB, et al. Long-term effects of culture of preimplantation mouse embryos on behavior. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004;101:1595–600.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watkins AJ, Platt D, Papenbrock T, Wilkins A, Eckert JJ, Kwong WY, et al. Mouse embryo culture induces changes in postnatal phenotype including raised systolic blood pressure. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007;104:5449–54.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang HJ, Lee JR, Jee BC, Suh CS, Kim SH. Impact of blastocyst transfer on offspring sex ratio and the monozygotic twinning rate: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Fertil Steril 2009;91:2381–90.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Källén B, Finnström O, Lindam A, Nilsson E, Nygren KG, Olausson PO. Blastocyst versus cleavage stage transfer in in vitro fertilization: differences in neonatal outcome? Fertil Steril 2010;94:1680–3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papanikolaou EG, Fatemi H, Venetis C, Donoso P, Kolibianakis E, Tournaye H, et al. Monozygotic twinning is not increased after single blastocyst transfer compared with single cleavage-stage embryo transfer. Fertil Steril 2010;93:592–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kawachiya S, Bodri D, Shimada N, Kato K, Takehara Y, Kato O. Blastocyst culture is associated with an elevated incidence of monozygotic twinning after single embryo transfer. Fertil Steril 2011;95:2140–2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Das S, Blake D, Farquhar C, Seif MM. Assisted hatching on assisted conception (IVF and ICSI). Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009;2:CD001894.
   Google Scholar
• Martins WP, Rocha IA, Ferriani RA, Nastri CO. Assisted hatching of human embryos: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Hum Reprod Update 2011;17:438–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buckett WM, Chian RC, Holzer H, Dean N, Usher R, Tan SL. Obstetric outcomes and congenital abnormalities after in vitro maturation, in vitro fertilization, and intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Obstet Gynecol 2007;110:885–91.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shu-Chi M, Jiann-Loung H, Yu-Hung L, Tseng-Chen S, Ming IL, Tsu-Fuh Y. Growth and development of children conceived by in-vitro maturation of human oocytes. Early Hum Dev 2006;82:677–82.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Söderström-Anttila V, Salokorpi T, Pihlaja M, Serenius-Sirve S, Suikkari AM. Obstetric and perinatal outcome and preliminary results of development of children born after in vitro maturation of oocytes. Hum Reprod 2006;21:1508–13.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hvidtjørn D, Grove J, Schendel DE, Vaeth M, Ernst E, Nielsen LF, et al. Cerebral palsy among children born after in vitro fertilization: the role of preterm delivery – a population-based, cohort study. Pediatrics 2006;118:475–82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carson C, Kurinczuk JJ, Sacker A, Kelly Y, Klemetti R, Redshaw M, et al. Cognitive development following ART: effect of choice of comparison group, confounding and mediating factors. Hum Reprod 2010;25:244–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Middelburg KJ, Heineman MJ, Bos AF, Hadders-Algra M. Neuromotor, cognitive, language and behavioural outcome in children born following IVF or ICSI – a systematic review. Hum Reprod Update 2008;14:219–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belva F, Henriet S, Liebaers I, Van Steirteghem A, Celestin-Westreich S, Bonduelle M. Medical outcome of 8-year-old singleton ICSI children (born > or = 32 weeks’ gestation) and a spontaneously conceived comparison group. Hum Reprod 2007;22:506–15.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Leunens L, Celestin-Westreich S, Bonduelle M, Liebaers I, Ponjaert-Kristoffersen I. Follow-up of cognitive and motor development of 10-year-old singleton children born after ICSI compared with spontaneously conceived children. Hum Reprod 2008;23:105–11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hvidtjørn D, Schieve L, Schendel D, Jacobsson B, Svaerke C, Thorsen P. Cerebral palsy, autism spectrum disorders, and developmental delay in children born after assisted conception: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2009; 163:72–83.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Basatemur E, Shevlin M, Sutcliffe A. Growth of children conceived by IVF and ICSI up to 12 years of age. Reprod Biomed Online 2010;20:144–9.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Barker DJ. The developmental origins of adult disease. J Am Coll Nutr 2004;23:588S–595S.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ceelen M, van Weissenbruch MM, Roos JC, Vermeiden JP, van Leeuwen FE, Delemarre-van de Waal HA. Body composition in children and adolescents born after in vitro fertilization or spontaneous conception. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007;92:3417–23.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ceelen M, van Weissenbruch MM, Vermeiden JP, van Leeuwen FE, Delemarre-van de Waal HA. Cardiometabolic differences in children born after in vitro fertilization: follow-up study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008;93:1682–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ceelen M, van Weissenbruch MM, Prein J, Smit JJ, Vermeiden JP, Spreeuwenberg M, et al. Growth during infancy and early childhood in relation to blood pressure and body fat measures at age 8–18 years of IVF children and spontaneously conceived controls born to subfertile parents. Hum Reprod 2009;24:2788–95.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reddy UM, Wapner RJ, Rebar RW, Tasca RJ. Infertility, assisted reproductive technology, and adverse pregnancy outcomes: executive summary of a National Institute of Child Health and Human Development workshop. Obstet Gynecol 2007;109:967–77.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Healy DL, Breheny S, Halliday J, Jaques A, Rushford D, Garrett C, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for obstetric haemorrhage in 6730 singleton births after assisted reproductive technology in Victoria Australia. Hum Reprod 2010;25:265–74.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiggins DA, Main E. Outcomes of pregnancies achieved by donor egg in vitro fertilization – a comparison with standard in vitro fertilization pregnancies. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2005;192:2002–2006; discussion 2006–2008.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• The Rotterdam ESHRE/ASRM sponsored PCOS consensus workshop group. Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Hum Reprod 2004;19:41–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asunción M, Calvo RM, San Millán JL, Sancho J, Avila S, Escobar-Morreale HF. A prospective study of the prevalence of the polycystic ovary syndrome in unselected Caucasian women from Spain. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000;85:2434–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Azziz R, Woods KS, Reyna R, Key TJ, Knochenhauer ES, Yildiz BO. The prevalence and features of the polycystic ovary syndrome in an unselected population. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89:2745–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Legro RS, Kunselman AR, Dodson WC, Dunaif A. Prevalence and predictors of risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in polycystic ovary syndrome: a prospective, controlled study in 254 affected women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999;84:165–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wild RA, Carmina E, Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Dokras A, Escobar-Morreale HF, Futterweit W, et al. Assessment of cardiovascular risk and prevention of cardiovascular disease in women with the polycystic ovary syndrome: a consensus statement by the Androgen Excess and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (AE-PCOS) Society. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010;95:2038–49.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boomsma CM, Eijkemans MJ, Hughes EG, Visser GH, Fauser BC, Macklon NS. A meta-analysis of pregnancy outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod Update 2006;12:673–83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Screening for Downs syndrome: UK NSC Policy recommendations 2011–2014 Model of Best Practice [http://fetalanomaly.screening.nhs.uk/standardsandpolicies]
   Google Scholar
• Amor DJ, Xu JX, Halliday JL, Francis I, Healy DL, Breheny S, et al. Pregnancies conceived using assisted reproductive technologies (ART) have low levels of pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) leading to a high rate of false-positive results in first trimester screening for Down syndrome. Hum Reprod 2009;24:1330–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gjerris AC, Loft A, Pinborg A, Christiansen M, Tabor A. First-trimester screening markers are altered in pregnancies conceived after IVF/ICSI. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2009;33:8–17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matilainen M, Peuhkurinen S, Laitinen P, Jarvela I, Morin-Papunen L, Ryynanen M. In combined first-trimester Down syndrome screening, the false-positive rate is not higher in pregnancies conceived after assisted reproduction compared with spontaneous pregnancies. Fertil Steril 2011;95:378–81.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wennerholm UB, Bergh C, Hagberg H, Sultan B, Wennergren M. Gestational age in pregnancies after in vitro fertilization: comparison between ultrasound measurement and actual age. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1998;12:170–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tunón K, Eik-Nes SH, Grøttum P, Von Düring V, Kahn JA. Gestational age in pregnancies conceived after in vitro fertilization: a comparison between age assessed from oocyte retrieval, crown-rump length and biparietal diameter. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2000;15:41–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gjerris AC, Loft A, Pinborg A, Tabor A, Christiansen M. 2008 First-trimester screening in pregnancies conceived by assisted reproductive technology: significance of gestational dating by oocyte retrieval or sonographic measurement of crown-rump length. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2008;32:612–7.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kurinczuk JJ, Hansen M, Bower C. Methodological considerations when designing studies to examine the health of children born following ART. In: Sutcliffe AG (Editor), Health and Welfare of ART Children. Oxford: Informa UK Ltd, 2006. p. 11–41.
   Google Scholar
• Pathways for Maternity Care, NHS, Quality Improvement Scotland, 2009 [http://www.healthcareimprovementscotland.org/programmes/reproductive,_maternal__child/programme_resources/keeping_childbirth_natural.aspx].
   Google Scholar