References
- Agrawal, A., Lynskey, M. T., Bucholz, K. K., Madden, P. A. F., & Heath, A. C. (2007). Correlates of cannabis initiation in a longitudinal sample of young women: The importance of peer influences. Preventive Medicine, 45, 31–34
- Bobakova, D., Madarasova, G., Reijneveld, S., & van Dijk, J. (2012). Subculture affiliation is associated with substance use of adolescents. European Addiction Research, 18, 91–96
- Carpiano, R. M., & Hystad, P. W. (2011). “Sense of community belonging” in health surveys: What social capital is it measuring? Health & Place, 17, 606–617
- Cleveland, M. J., Feinberg, M. E., & Greenberg, M. T. (2010). Protective families in high- and low-risk environments: Implications for adolescent substance use. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 39, 114–126
- Elliot, D., Huizinga, D., & Ageton, S. (1988). Explaining Delinquency and Drug Use. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications
- Elton-Marshall, T., Leatherdale, S. T., & Burkhalter, R. (2011). CMAJ Tobacco, alcohol and illicit drug use among Aboriginal youth living off-reserve: Results from the Youth Smoking Survey. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 183, 480–486
- Fletcher, A., Bonell, C., & Hargreaves, J. (2008). School effects on young people’s drug use: A systematic review of intervention and observational studies. The Journal of adolescent health: official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 42, 209–220
- Fox, C. L., Towe, S. L., Stephens, R. S., Walker, D. D., & Roffman, R. A. (2011). Motives for cannabis use in high-risk adolescent users. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 25, 492–500
- Galea, S., Nandi, A., & Vlahov, D. (2004). The social epidemiology of substance use. Epidemiologic Reviews, 26, 36–52
- Gillespie, N., Neale, M. C., & Kendler, K. S. (2010). Pathways to cannabis abuse: A multi-stage model from cannabis availability, cannabis initiation, and progression to abuse. Addiction, 104, 430–438
- Guxens, M., Nebot, M., Ariza, C., & Ochoa, D. (2007). Factors associated with the onset of cannabis use: a systematic review of cohort studies. Gaceta Sanitaria/S.E.S.P.A.S, 21, 252–260
- Hawkins, J., & Weiss, J. (1985). The social developent model: An integrated approach to delinquency prevention. Journal of Primary Prevention, 6, 73–97
- Hystad, P., & Carpiano, R. M. (2010). Sense of community-belonging and health-behaviour change in Canada. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 66, 277–283
- Lee, M. H. S., & Hancox, R. J. (2011). Effects of smoking cannabis on lung function. Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, 5, 537–546; quiz 547
- Macleod, J., Oakes, R., Copello, A., Crome, I., Egger, M., Hickman, M., Oppenkowski, T., Stokes-Lampard, H., & Davey Smith, G. (2004). Psychological and social sequelae of cannabis and other illicit drug use by young people: A systematic review of longitudinal, general population studies. Lancet, 363, 1579–1588
- Marshall, B. D. L., Kerr, T., Shoveller, J. A., Patterson, T. L., Buxton, J. A., & Wood, E. (2009). Homelessness and unstable housing associated with an increased risk of HIV and STI transmission among street-involved youth. Health & Place, 15, 783–790
- Patton, G. C., Coffey, C., Lynskey, M. T., Reid, S., Hemphill, S., Carlin, J. B., & Hall, W. (2007). Trajectories of adolescent alcohol and cannabis use into young adulthood. Addiction (Abingdon, England), 102, 607–615
- Ross, N. (2002). Community belonging and health. Health Reports, 13, 33–40
- Rothman, K., & Greenland, S. (1998). Modern Epidemiology (2nd ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
- Shapiro, G. K., & Buckley-Hunter, L. (2010). What every adolescent needs to know: Cannabis can cause psychosis. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 69, 533–539
- Statistics Canada. (2007). Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS). Available from: http://www.statcan.gc.ca.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/cgi-bin/imdb/p2SV.pl?Function=getSurvey&SurvId=3226&SurvVer=0&InstaId=15282&InstaVer=4&SDDS=3226&lang=en&db=IMDB&adm=8&dis=2#a1 [last accessed 7 Nov 2011]
- Tarter, R. E., Fishbein, D., Kirisci, L., Mezzich, A., Ridenour, T., & Vanyukov, M. (2011). Deviant socialization mediates transmissible and contextual risk on cannabis use disorder development: A prospective study. Addiction (Abingdon, England), 106, 1301–1308
- United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. (2011). World Drug Report 2011. World. New York: UNODC
- Wells, E. A., Morrison, D. M., Gillmore, M. R., Catalano, R. F., Iritani, B., & Hawkins, J. D. (1992). Race differences in antisocial behaviors and attitudes and early initiation of substance use. Journal of Drug Education, 22, 115–130
- Wray-Lake, L., Maggs, J., Johnston, L. D., Bachman, J. G., O’Malley, P. M., & Schulenberg, J. E. (2012). Associations between community attachments and adolescent substance use in nationally representative samples. Journal of Adolescent Health, 51, 325–331