Should the visceral peritoneum at the bladder flap closed at cesarean sections? A post-partum sonographic and clinical assessment

References

• Nabhan, AF Long-term outcomes of two different surgical techniques for cesarean. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2008;100:69–75.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nomenclatura Anatomica Internazionale. Thiemè. New York: Verlag Stuttgart; 1998. p73.
   Google Scholar
• Bamigboye, AA, Hofmeyr, GJ Closure versus non-closure of the peritoneum at caesarean section. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2003;(4) CD000163.
   Google Scholar
• Malvasi, A, Tinelli, A, Tinelli, R, Cavallotti, C, Farine, D. The diagnosis and management of post-cesarean section hemorrhagic shock. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2008;21:487–491.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lev-Toaff, AS, Baka, JJ, Toaff, ME, Friedman, AC, Radecki, PD, Caroline, DF Diagnostic imaging in puerperal febrile morbidity. Obstet Gynecol 1991;78:50–55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koutsougeras, G, Karamanidis, D, Chimonis, G, Cottas, N, Polydorou, A, Elmazis, Ch, Chatzidis, B. Evaluation during early puerperium of the low transverse incision after cesarean section through vaginal ultrasonography. Clin Exp Obstet Gynaecol 2003;30:245–247.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Niikura, H, Katahira, A, Utsunomiya, H, Takano, T, Ito, K, Nagase, S, Yoshinaga, K, Tokunaga, H, Toyoshima, M, Kinugasa, Y, et al. Surgical anatomy of intrapelvic fasciae and vesico-uterine ligament in nerve sparing radical hysterectomy with fresh cadaver dissections. Tohoku J Exp Med 2007;212:403–413.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Querleu, D, Morrow, CP Classification of radical hysterectomy. Lancet Oncol 2008;9:297–303.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katahira, A, Niikura, H, Ito, K, Takano, T, Nagase, S, Murakami, G, Yaegashi, N. Vesicouterine ligament contains abundant autonomic nerve ganglion cells: the distribution in histology concerning nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2008;18:193–198.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pritchard, JA Macdonald, PC Maternal adaptation to pregnancy In: Williams obstetrics, 16th ed. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts; 1990. pp 221–259.
   Google Scholar
• Hamar, BD, Saber, SB, Cackovic, M, Magloire, LK, Pettker, CM, Abdel-Razeq, SS, Rosenberg, VA, Buhimschi, IA, Buhimschi, CS Ultrasound evaluation of the uterine scar after cesarean delivery: a randomized controlled trial of one- and two-layer closure. Obstet Gynecol 2007;110:808–813.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gabbe, SV, Niebyl, JR, Simpson, JJ, Galan, H, Goetzl, L, Jauniaux, ERM, Landon, M. Cesarean delivery, technique of CS, uterine incision and development of bladder flap. In: Obstetrics: normal and problem pregnancies. United Kingdom: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2007. pp 535–590.
   Google Scholar
• Stark, M. Technique of cesarean section: the Misgav Ladach method. In: Popkin DR, Peddle L, editors. Women's health today. prospective on current research and clinical practice. Montreal: Parthenon Publishing Group; 1994. pp 81–88. Proceedings of the XIV FIGO World Congress of Gynecology and Obstetrics, New York London
   Google Scholar
• Nagele, F, Karas, H, Spitzer, D, Staudach, A, Karasegh, S, Beck, A, Husslein, P. Closure or nonclosure of the visceral peritoneum at cesarean delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1996;174:1366–1370.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woo, GM, Twickler, DM, Stettler, RW, Erdman, WA, Brown, CE The pelvis after cesarean section and vaginal delivery: normal MR findings. Am J Roentgenol 1993;161:1249–1252.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maldjan, C, Adam, R, Maldjan, J, Smith, R. MRI appearance of the pelvis in the post caesarean section patient. Magn Reson Imaging 1999;17:223–227.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winsett, MZ, Fagan, CJ, Bedi, DC Sonographic demonstration of bladder-flap hematoma. J Ultrasound Med 1986;5:483–487.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker, ME, Bowie, JD, Killam, AP Sonography of post cesarean section bladder flap haematoma. Am J Roentgenol 1985;144:757–759.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Achonolu, F, Minkoff, H., Delke, I. Percutaneous drainage of fluid collections in the bladder flap hematoma of febrile post-caesarean-section patients. A report of seven cases. J Reprod Med 1987;32:140–143.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gemer, O, Shenhav, S, Segal, S, Harari, D, Segal, O, Zohev, E. Sonographically diagnosed pelvic hematomas and postcesarean febrile morbidity. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 1999;65:7–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malvasi, A, Tinelli, A, Tinelli, R, Rahimi, S, Resta, L, Tinelli, FG The post cesarean section symptomatic bladder flap haematoma: a modern appraisal. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2007;20:709–714.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faustin, D, Minkoff, H, Schaffer, R, Crombleholme, W, Schwarz, R. Relationship of ultrasound findings after caesarean section to operative morbidity. Obstet Gynecol 1985;66:195–198.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hohlagschwandtner, M, Ruecklinger, E, Husslein, P, Joura, EA Is the formation of a bladder flap at cesarean necessary? A randomized trial. Obstet Gynecol 2001;98:1089–1092.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hofmeyr, GJ, Mathai, M, Shah, AN, Novikova, N. Techniques for caesarean section. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008;Jan 23(1) CD004662.
   Google Scholar
• Dodd, JM, Anderson, ER, Gates, S. Surgical techniques for uterine incision and uterine closure at the time of caesarean section. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008;Jul 16(3) CD004732.
   Google Scholar
• Tinelli, A, Malvasi, A, Vittori, G. Laparoscopic treatment of post-cesarean section bladder flap hematoma: A feasible and safe approach. Minim Invasive Ther Allied Technol 2009;Jan 1:1–5.
   Google Scholar