Obstetric outcomes in pregnant women with diabetes versus hypertensive disorders versus both

References

• Roberts JM, Pearson G, Cutler J, Lindheimer M, NHLBI Working Group on Research on Hypertension During Pregnancy. Summary of the NHLBI working group on research on hypertension during pregnancy. Hypertension 2003;41(3):437–445.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barton JR, Sibai BM. Prediction and prevention of recurrent preeclampsia. Obstet Gynecol 2008;112(2 Pt 1):359–372.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jovanovic L, Pettitt DJ. Gestational diabetes mellitus. JAMA 2001;286(20):2516–2518.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buchanan TA, Metzger BE, Freinkel N, Bergman RN. Insulin sensitivity and B-cell responsiveness to glucose during late pregnancy in lean and moderately obese women with normal glucose tolerance or mild gestational diabetes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1990;162(4):1008–1014.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowes SB, Hennessy TR, Umpleby AM, Benn JJ, Jackson NC, Boroujerdi MA, Sonksen PH, Lowy C. Measurement of glucose metabolism and insulin secretion during normal pregnancy and pregnancy complicated by gestational diabetes. Diabetologia 1996;39(8):976–983.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Persson B, Edwall L, Hanson U, Nord E, Westgren M. Insulin sensitivity and insulin response in women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Horm Metab Res 1997;29(8):393–397.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Catalano PM, Huston L, Amini SB, Kalhan SC. Longitudinal changes in glucose metabolism during pregnancy in obese women with normal glucose tolerance and gestational diabetes mellitus. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999;180(4):903–916.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang XL, Lau JT. Undue increase in insulin resistance duringpregnancy may manifest pregnancy-induced hypertension and gestational diabetes. Horm Metab Res 2004;36(10):655–661.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montoro MN, Kjos SL, Chandler M, Peters RK, Xiang AH, Buchanan TA. Insulin resistance and preeclampsia in gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 2005;28(8):1995–2000.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaaja R, Tikkanen MJ, Viinikka L, Ylikorkala O. Serum lipoproteins, insulin, and urinary prostanoid metabolites in normal and hypertensive pregnant women. Obstet Gynecol 1995;85(3):353–356.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Solomon CG, Carroll JS, Okamura K, Graves SW, Seely EW. Higher cholesterol and insulin levels in pregnancy are associated with increased risk for pregnancy-induced hypertension. Am J Hypertens 1999;12(3):276–282.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin A, O’Sullivan AJ, Brown MA. Body composition and energy metabolism in normotensive and hypertensive pregnancy. BJOG 2001;108(12):1263–1271.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wolf M, Sandler L, Jimenez-Kimble R, Shah A, Ecker JL, Thadhani R. Insulin resistance but not inflammation is associated with gestational hypertension. Hypertension 2002;40(6):886–891.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Legro RS. Insulin resistance in women’s health: why it matters and how to identify it. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2009;21(4):301–305.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Negrato CA, Jovanovic L, Tambascia MA, Geloneze B, Dias A, CalderonIde M, Rudge MV. Association between insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, and hypertension in pregnancy. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2009;7(1):53–59.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cundy T, Slee F, Gamble G, Neale L. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in women with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Diabet Med 2002;19(6):482–489.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kvetny J, Poulsen HF. Incidence of gestational hypertension in gestational diabetes mellitus. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2003;267(3):153–157.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stella CL, O’Brien JM, Forrester KJ, Barton JR, Istwan N, Rhea D, Sibai BM. The coexistence of gestational hypertension and diabetes: Influence on pregnancy outcome. Am J Perinatol 2008;25(6):325–329.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fadl HE, Ostlund IK, Magnuson AF, Hanson US. Maternal and neonatal outcomes and time trends of gestational diabetes mellitus in Sweden from 1991 to 2003. Diabet Med 2010;27(4):436–441.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esakoff TF, Cheng YW, Sparks TN, Caughey AB. The association between birthweight 4000 g or greater and perinatal outcomes in patients with and without gestational diabetes mellitus. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2009;200(6):672.e1–672.e4.
   Google Scholar
• Shoulder dystocia. Clinical management guidelines for Obstetrician—Gynecologists. ACOG Practice Bulletin – Number 40 November 2002, Reaffirmed 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Lydon-Rochelle MT, Holt VL, Cardenas V, Nelson JC, Easterling TR, Gardella C, Callaghan WM. The reporting of pre-existing maternal medical conditions and complications of pregnancy on birth certificates and in hospital discharge data. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2005;193(1):125–134.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Persson B, Hanson U, Hartling SG, Binder C. Follow-up of women with previous GDM. Insulin, C-peptide, and proinsulin responses to oral glucose load. Diabetes 1991;40(Suppl 2):136–141.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanson U, Persson B, Hartling SG, Binder C. Increased molar proinsulin-to-insulin ratio in women with previous gestational diabetes does not predict later impairment of glucose tolerance. Diabetes Care 1996;19(1):17–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aberg AE, Jonsson EK, Eskilsson I, Landin-Olsson M, Frid AH. Predictive factors of developing diabetes mellitus in women with gestational diabetes. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2002;81(1):11–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khandelwal M. GDM: Postpartum management to reduce long-term risks. Curr Diab Rep 2008;8(4):287–293.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Callaway LK, Lawlor DA, O’Callaghan M, Williams GM, Najman JM, McIntyre HD. Diabetes mellitus in the 21 years after a pregnancy that was complicated by hypertension: findings from a prospective cohort study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2007;197(5):492.e1–492.e7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pouta A, Hartikainen AL, Sovio U, Gissler M, Laitinen J, McCarthy MI, Ruokonen A, Elliott P, Jarvelin MR. Manifestations of metabolic syndrome after hypertensive pregnancy. Hypertension 2004;43(4):825–831.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jonsdottir LS, Arngrimsson R, Geirsson RT, Sigvaldason H, Sigfusson N. Death rates from ischemic heart disease in women with a history of hypertension in pregnancy. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1995;74(10):772–776.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He S, Silveira A, Hamsten A, Blomback M, Bremme K. Haemostatic, endothelial and lipoprotein parameters and blood pressure levels in women with a history of preeclampsia. Thromb Haemost 1999;81(4):538–542.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norden Lindeberg S, Hanson U. Hypertension and factors associated with metabolic syndrome at follow-up at 15 years in women with hypertensive disease during first pregnancy. Hypertens Pregnancy 2000;19(2):191–198.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carpenter MW. Gestational diabetes, pregnancy hypertension, and late vascular disease. Diabetes Care 2007;30(Suppl 2):S246–S250.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lykke JA, Langhoff-Roos J, Sibai BM, Funai EF, Triche EW, Paidas MJ. Hypertensive pregnancy disorders and subsequent cardiovascular morbidity and type 2 diabetes mellitus in the mother. Hypertension 2009;53(6):944–951.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar