References
- Goldenberg RL, Culhane JF, Iams JD, Romero R. Epidemiology and causes of preterm birth. Lancet 2008;371:75–84
- Romero R, Espinoza J, Goncalves LF, et al. The role of inflammation and infection in preterm birth. Semin Reprod Med 2007;25:21–39
- Shim SS, Romero R, Hong JS, et al. Clinical significance of intra-amniotic inflammation in patients with preterm premature rupture of membranes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004;191:1339–45
- Grigsby PL, Novy MJ, Adams Waldorf KM, et al. Choriodecidual inflammation: a harbinger of the preterm labor syndrome. Reprod Sci 2010;17:85--94
- Jones NM, Holzman C, Friderici KH, et al. Interplay of cytokine polymorphisms and bacterial vaginosis in the etiology of preterm delivery. J Reprod Immunol 2010;87:82–9
- Dubicke A, Fransson E, Centini G, et al. Pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in human preterm and term cervical ripening. J Reprod Immunol 2010;84:176–85
- Goldenberg RL, Gravett MG, Iams J, et al. The preterm birth syndrome: issues to consider in creating a classification system. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2012;206:113–18
- Bujold E, Pasquier JC, Simoneau J, et al. Intra-amniotic sludge, short cervix, and risk of preterm delivery. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2006;28:198–202
- Iams JD, Paraskos J, Landon MB, et al. Cervical sonography in preterm labor. Obstet Gynecol 1994;84:40–6
- Berghella V, Baxter JK, Hendrix NW. Cervical assessment by ultrasound for preventing preterm delivery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009;(3):CD007235 . doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007235.pub2
- Mella MT, Berghella V. Prediction of preterm birth: cervical sonography. Semin Perinatol 2009;33:317–24
- Genc MR, Ford CE. The clinical use of inflammatory markers during pregnancy. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2010;22:116–21
- Goldenberg RL, Goepfert AR, Ramsey PS. Biochemical markers for the prediction of preterm birth. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2005;192:S36–46
- Berghella V, Hayes E, Visintine J, Baxter JK. Fetal fibronectin testing for reducing the risk of preterm birth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008;(4):CD006843 . doi 10.1002/14651858.CD006843 pub2
- Rizzo G, Capponi A, Vlachopoulou A, et al. Ultrasonographic assessment of the uterine cervix and interleukin-8 concentrations in cervical secretions predict intrauterine infection in patients with preterm labor and intact membranes. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1998;12:86–92
- Goya M, Pratcorona L, Merced C, et al. Cervical pessary in pregnant women with a short cervix (PECEP): an open-label randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2012;379:1800–6
- Puchner K, Iavazzo C, Gourgiotis D, et al. Mid-trimester amniotic fluid interleukins (IL-1beta, IL-10 and IL-18) as possible predictors of preterm delivery. In Vivo 2011;25:141–8
- Jacobsson B, Mattsby-Baltzer I, Hagberg H. Interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 in cervical and amniotic fluid: relationship to microbial invasion of the chorioamniotic membranes. BJOG 2005;112:719–24
- Gotsch F, Romero R, Kusanovic JP, et al. The anti-inflammatory limb of the immune response in preterm labor, intra-amniotic infection/inflammation, and spontaneous parturition at term: a role for interleukin-10. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2008;21:529–47
- Becher N, Hein M, Danielsen CC, Uldbjerg N. Matrix metalloproteinases in the cervical mucus plug in relation to gestational age, plug compartment, and preterm labor. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2010;8:113,7827-8-113
- Vendittelli F, Mamelle N, Munoz F, Janky E. Transvaginal ultrasonography of the uterine cervix in hospitalized women with preterm labor. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2001;72:117–25
- Owen J, Yost N, Berghella V, et al. Mid-trimester endovaginal sonography in women at high risk for spontaneous preterm birth. JAMA 2001;286:1340–8
- Goldenberg RL, Iams JD, Miodovnik M, et al. The preterm prediction study: Risk factors in twin gestations. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Maternal-fetal Medicine Units Network. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1996;175:1047–53
- Laham N, Brennecke SP, Rice GE. Interleukin-8 release from human gestational tissue explants: effects of gestation, labor, and chorioamnionitis. Biol Reprod 1999;61:823–7
- Kelly RW, Leask R, Calder AA. Choriodecidual production of interleukin-8 and mechanism of parturition. Lancet 1992;339:776–7
- Maradny EE, Kanayama N, Halim A, et al. Effects of neutrophil chemotactic factors on cervical ripening. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol 1995;22:76–85
- Sennstrom MK, Brauner A, Lu Y, et al. Interleukin-8 is a mediator of the final cervical ripening in humans. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1997;74:89–92
- Sakai M, Ishiyama A, Tabata M, et al. Relationship between cervical mucus interleukin-8 concentrations and vaginal bacteria in pregnancy. Am J Reprod Immunol 2004;52:106–12
- Sakai M, Sasaki Y, Yoneda S, et al. Elevated interleukin-8 in cervical mucus as an indicator for treatment to prevent premature birth and preterm, pre-labor rupture of membranes: a prospective study. Am J Reprod Immunol 2004;51:220–5
- Kramer MS, Papageorghiou A, Culhane J, et al. Challenges in defining and classifying the preterm birth syndrome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2012;206:108–12