Outcome of singleton preterm small for gestational age infants born to mothers with pregnancy-induced hypertension. A population-based study

References

• Regev RH, Lusky A, Dolfin T, et al. Excess mortality and morbidity among small-for-gestational-age premature infants: a population-based study. J Pediatr 2003;143:186–91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qiu X, Lodha A, Shah PS, et al. Neonatal outcomes of small for gestational age preterm infants in Canada. Am J Perinatol 2012;29:87–94
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grisaru-Granovsky S, Reichman B, Lerner-Geva L, et al. Mortality and morbidity in preterm small-for-gestational-age infants: a population-based study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2012; 206:150. e1–7
   Google Scholar
• Zeitlin J, El Ayoubi M, Jarreau PH, et al. J.Impact of fetal growth restriction on mortality and morbidity in a very preterm birth cohort. Pediatrics 2010;157:733–9 e1
   Google Scholar
• Damodaram M, Story L, Kulinskaya E, et al. Early adverse perinatal complications in preterm growth-restricted fetuses. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2011;51:204–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang J, Meikle S, Trumble A. Severe maternal morbidity associated with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy in the United States. Hypertens Pregn 2003;22:203–12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• von Dadelszen P, Magee LA, Taylor EL, et al. Canadian Neonatal Network. Maternal hypertension and neonatal outcome among small for gestational age infants. Obstet Gynecol 2005;106:335–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bakker R, Steegers EA, Hofman A, Jaddoe VW. Blood pressure in different gestational trimesters, fetal growth, and the risk of adverse birth outcomes: the generation R study. Am J Epidemiol 2011;174:797–806
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sibai BM, Barton JR. Expectant management of severe preeclampsia remote from term: patient selection, treatment, and delivery indications. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2007;196:514. e1–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jain L. Effect of pregnancy-induced and chronic hypertension on pregnancy outcome. J Perinatol 1997;17:425–7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Friedman SA, Schiff E, Kao L, Sibai BM. Neonatal outcome after preterm delivery for preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1995;172:1785–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grisaru-Granovsky S, Halevy T, Eidelman A, et al. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and the small for gestational age neonate: not a simple relationship. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2007;196:335. e1–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen XK, Wen SW, Smith G, et al. Pregnancy-induced hypertension is associated with lower infant mortality in preterm singletons. BJOG 2006;113:544–51
   Google Scholar
• Piper JM, Langer O, Xenakis EM, et al. Perinatal outcome in growth-restricted fetuses: do hypertensive and normotensive pregnancies differ? Obstet Gynecol 1996;88:194–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen XK, Wen SW, Smith G, et al. Pregnancy-induced hypertension and infant mortality: roles of birthweight centiles and gestational age. BJOG 2007;114:24–31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henderson JJ, McWilliam OA, Newnham JP, Pennell CE. Preterm birth aetiology 2004–2008. Maternal factors associated with three phenotypes: spontaneous preterm labour, preterm pre-labour rupture of membranes and medically indicated preterm birth. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2012;25:642–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riskin A, Riskin-Mashiach S, Lusky A, Reichman B. The relationship between delivery mode and mortality in very- low-birthweight singleton vertex presenting infants. BJOG 2004;111:1365–71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kramer MS, Platt RW, Wen S, et al. A new and improved population-based Canadian reference for birth weight for gestational age. Pediatrics 2001;108:e35
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bancalari E, Abdenour GE, Feller R, Gannon J. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia: clinical presentation. J Pediatr 1979;95:819–23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papile LA, Burstein J, Burstein R, Koffler H. Incidence and evolution of subependymal and intraventricular hemorrhage: a study of infants with birth weights less than 1,500 gm. J Pediatr 1978;92:529–34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bell MJ, Ternberg JL, Feigin RD, et al. Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis: therapeutic decisions based upon clinical staging. Ann Surg 1978;187:1–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ray JG, Burrows RF, Burrows EA, Vermeulen MJ. MOS HIP: McMaster outcome study of hypertension in pregnancy. Early Hum Dev 2001;64:129–43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Melamed N, Ben-Haroush A, Pardo J, et al. Expectant management of preterm premature rupture of membranes: is it all about gestational age? Am J Obstet Gynecol 2011;204:48. e1–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang A, Holston AM, Yu KF, et al. Circulating anti-angiogenic factors during hypertensive pregnancy and increased risk of respiratory distress syndrome in preterm neonates. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2012;25:1447–52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen AR, Barnés CM, Folkman J, McElrath TF. Maternal preeclampsia predicts the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. J Pediatr 2010;156:532–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torrance HL, Mulder EJ, Brouwers HA, et al. Respiratory outcome in preterm small for gestational age fetuses with or without abnormal umbilical artery Doppler and/or maternal hypertension. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2007;20:613–21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng SW, Chou HC, Tsou KI, et al. Delivery before 32 weeks of gestation for maternal pre-eclampsia: neonatal outcome and 2-year developmental outcome. Early Hum Dev 2004;76:39–46
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Shea JE, Davis PG, Doyle LW. Maternal preeclampsia and risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants. Pediatr Res 2012;71:210–14
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang JR, Karumanchi SA, Seedorf G, et al. Excess soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 in amniotic fluid impairs lung growth in rats: linking preeclampsia with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2012;302:L36–46
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bora R, Mukhopadhyay K, Saxena AK, et al. Prediction of feed intolerance and necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates with absent end diastolic flow in umbilical artery and the correlation of feed intolerance with postnatal superior mesenteric artery flow. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2009;22:1092–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bashiri A, Zmora E, Sheiner E, et al. Maternal hypertensive disorders are an independent risk factor for the development of necrotizing enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants. Fetal Diagn Ther 2003;18:404–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cetinkaya M, Ozkan H, Koksal N. Maternal preeclampsia is associated with increased risk of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants. Early Hum Dev 2012;88:893–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simchen MJ, Beiner ME, Strauss-Liviathan N, et al. Neonatal outcome in growth-restricted versus appropriately grown preterm infants. Am J Perinatol 2000;17:187–92
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Achiron R, Mazkereth R, Orvieto R, et al. Echogenic bowel in intrauterine growth restriction fetuses: does this jeopardize the gut? Obstet Gynecol 2002;100:120–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baud O, Zupan V, Lacaze-Masmonteil T, et al. The relationships between antenatal management, the cause of delivery and neonatal outcome in a large cohort of very preterm singleton infants. BJOG 2000;107:877–84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Shea M, Savitz DA, Hage ML, Feinstein KA. Prenatal events and the risk of subependymal/intraventricular haemorrhage in very low birthweight neonates. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 1992;6:352–62
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kuban KC, Leviton A, Pagano M, et al. Maternal toxemia is associated with reduced incidence of germinal matrix hemorrhage in premature babies. J Child Neurol 1992;7:70–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perlman JM, Risser RC, Gee JB. Pregnancy-induced hypertension and reduced intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm infants. Pediatr Neurol 1997;17:29–33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ancel PY, Marret S, Larroque B, et al. Are maternal hypertension and small-for-gestational age risk factors for severe intraventricular hemorrhage and cystic periventricular leukomalacia? Results of the EPIPAGE cohort study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2005;193:178–84
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kapoor A, Dunn E, Kostaki A, et al. Fetal programming of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal function: prenatal stress and glucocorticoids. J Physiol 2006;572:31–44
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan J, Young L, McGuire W. Slow advancement of enteral feed volumes to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013; Issue 3
   Google Scholar
• Mayer C, Joshef KS. Fetal growth: a review of terms, concepts and issues relevant to obstetrics. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2013;41:136–45
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larkin JC, Hill LM, Speer PD, Simhan HN. Risk of morbid perinatal outcomes in small-for-gestational-age pregnancies: customized compared with conventional standards of fetal growth. Obstet Gynecol 2012;119:21–7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hemming K, Bonellie S, Hutton JL. Fetal growth and birthweight standards as screening tools: methods for evaluating performance. BJOG 2011;118:1477–83
   Google Scholar
• Ferdynus C, Quantin C, Abrahamowicz M, et al. Comparison of the ability of alternative birthweight and fetal weight standards to identify preterm newborns at increased risk of perinatal death. BJOG 2013;120:1456–64
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ehrenkranz RA. Estimated fetal weights versus birth weights: should the reference intrauterine growth curves based on birth weights be retired? Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2007;92:F161–2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar