The favorable effects of garlic intake on metabolic profiles, hs-CRP, biomarkers of oxidative stress and pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women at risk for pre-eclampsia: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

References

• Barrera D, Noyola-Martinez N, Avila E, et al. Calcitriol inhibits interleukin-10 expression in cultured human trophoblasts under normal and inflammatory conditions. Cytokine 2012;57:316–21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• George EM, Granger JP. Mechanisms and potential therapies for preeclampsia. Curr Hypertens Rep 2011;13:269–75
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Founds SA, Catov JM, Gallaher MJ, et al. Is there evidence of separate inflammatory or metabolic forms of preeclampsia? Hypertens Pregnancy 2011;30:1–10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Briana DD, Malamitsi-Puchner A. Reviews: adipocytokines in normal and complicated pregnancies. Reprod Sci 2009;16:921–37
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones ML, Mark PJ, Mori TA, et al. Maternal dietary omega-3 fatty acid supplementation reduces placental oxidative stress and increases fetal and placental growth in the rat. Biol Reprod 2013;88:37
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kashanian M, Baradaran HR, Bahasadri S, Alimohammadi R. Risk factors for pre-eclampsia: a study in Tehran, Iran. Arch Iran Med 2011;14:412–15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magon N, Seshiah V. Gestational diabetes mellitus: non-insulin management. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2011;15:284–93
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gabbe SG, Graves CR. Management of diabetes mellitus complicating pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 2003;102:857–68
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee PC, Roberts JM, Catov JM, et al. First trimester exposure to ambient air pollution, pregnancy complications and adverse birth outcomes in Allegheny County, PA. Matern Child Health J 2013;17:545–55
   Google Scholar
• Poston L, Igosheva N, Mistry HD, et al. Role of oxidative stress and antioxidant supplementation in pregnancy disorders. Am J Clin Nutr 2011;94:1980S–5S
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edison RJ, Muenke M. Central nervous system and limb anomalies in case reports of first-trimester statin exposure. N Engl J Med 2004;350:1579–82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Djordjevic NZ, Babic GM, Markovic SD, et al. The antioxidative effect of estradiol therapy on erythrocytes in women with preeclampsia. Reprod Toxicol 2010;29:231–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borzychowski AM, Sargent IL, Redman CW. Inflammation and pre-eclampsia. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2006;11:309–16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kojuri J, Vosoughi AR, Akrami M. Effects of anethum graveolens and garlic on lipid profile in hyperlipidemic patients. Lipids Health Dis 2007;6:5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stevinson C, Pittler MH, Ernst E. Garlic for treating hypercholesterolemia. A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Ann Intern Med 2000;133:420–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duda G, Suliburska J, Pupek-Musialik D. Effects of short-term garlic supplementation on lipid metabolism and antioxidant status in hypertensive adults. Pharmacol Rep 2008;60:163–70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jabbari A, Argani H, Ghorbanihaghjo A, Mahdavi R. Comparison between swallowing and chewing of garlic on levels of serum lipids, cyclosporine, creatinine and lipid peroxidation in renal transplant recipients. Lipids Health Dis 2005;4:11
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jehan I, Zaidi S, Rizvi S, et al. Dating gestational age by last menstrual period, symphysis-fundal height, and ultrasound in urban Pakistan. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2010;110:231–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zatik J, Major T, Aranyosi J, et al. Assessment of cerebral hemodynamics during roll over test in healthy pregnant women and those with pre-eclampsia. BJOG 2001;108:353–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kinsella SM. Blood pressure measurement in pregnant women in the left lateral recumbent position. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1998;178:867–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Brien WF. Predicting preeclampsia. Obstet Gynecol 1990;75:445–52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghojazadeh M, Azami-Aghdash S, Mohammadi M, et al. Prognostic risk factors for early diagnosing of Preeclampsia in Nulliparas. Niger Med J 2013;54:344–8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pisprasert V, Ingram KH, Lopez-Davila MF, et al. Limitations in the use of indices using glucose and insulin levels to predict insulin sensitivity: impact of race and gender and superiority of the indices derived from oral glucose tolerance test in African Americans. Diabetes Care 2013;36:845–53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benzie IF, Strain JJ. The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of “antioxidant power”: the FRAP assay. Anal Biochem 1996;239:70–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beutler E, Gelbart T. Plasma glutathione in health and in patients with malignant disease. J Lab Clin Med 1985;105:581–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirwan JP, Hauguel-De Mouzon S, Lepercq J, et al. TNF-alpha is a predictor of insulin resistance in human pregnancy. Diabetes 2002;51:2207–13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeb I, Ahmadi N, Nasir K, et al. Aged garlic extract and coenzyme Q10 have favorable effect on inflammatory markers and coronary atherosclerosis progression: a randomized clinical trial. J Cardiovasc Dis Res 2012;3:185–90
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zare A, Farzaneh P, Pourpak Z, et al. Purified aged garlic extract modulates allergic airway inflammation in BALB/c mice. Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol 2008;7:133–41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El Gazzar M, El Mezayen R, Marecki JC, et al. Anti-inflammatory effect of thymoquinone in a mouse model of allergic lung inflammation. Int Immunopharmacol 2006;6:1135–42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Budoff MJ, Ahmadi N, Gul KM, et al. Aged garlic extract supplemented with B vitamins, folic acid and L-arginine retards the progression of subclinical atherosclerosis: a randomized clinical trial. Prev Med 2009;49:101–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Doorn MB, Espirito Santo SM, Meijer P, et al. Effect of garlic powder on C-reactive protein and plasma lipids in overweight and smoking subjects. Am J Clin Nutr 2006;84:1324–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kantor ED, Lampe JW, Vaughan TL, et al. Association between use of specialty dietary supplements and C-reactive protein concentrations. Am J Epidemiol 2012;176:1002–13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amagase H, Petesch BL, Matsuura H, et al. Intake of garlic and its bioactive components. J Nutr 2001;131:955S–62S
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hodge G, Hodge S, Han P. Allium sativum (garlic) suppresses leukocyte inflammatory cytokine production in vitro: potential therapeutic use in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Cytometry 2002;48:209–15
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hashem RM, Mahmoud MF, El-Moselhy MA, Soliman HM. Interleukin-10 to tumor necrosis factor-alpha ratio is a predictive biomarker in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: interleukin-10 to tumor necrosis factor-alpha ratio in steatohepatitis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008;20:995–1001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baluchnejadmojarad T, Roghani M. Garlic extract attenuates time-dependent changes in the reactivity of isolated aorta in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Life Sci 2003;73:2281–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Isaacsohn JL, Moser M, Stein EA, et al. Garlic powder and plasma lipids and lipoproteins: a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Arch Intern Med 1998;158:1189–94
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gardner CD, Chatterjee LM, Carlson JJ. The effect of a garlic preparation on plasma lipid levels in moderately hypercholesterolemic adults. Atherosclerosis 2001;154:213–20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berthold HK, Sudhop T, von Bergmann K. Effect of a garlic oil preparation on serum lipoproteins and cholesterol metabolism: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 1998;279:1900–2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomson M, Al-Qattan KK, Bordia T, Ali M. Including garlic in the diet may help lower blood glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides. J Nutr 2006;136:800S–2S
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koseoglu M, Isleten F, Atay A, Kaplan YC. Effects of acute and subacute garlic supplement administration on serum total antioxidant capacity and lipid parameters in healthy volunteers. Phytother Res 2010;24:374–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeng T, Guo FF, Zhang CL, et al. A meta-analysis of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials for the effects of garlic on serum lipid profiles. J Sci Food Agric 2012;92:1892–902
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahmoodi M, Islami MR, Asadi Karam GR, et al. Study of the effects of raw garlic consumption on the level of lipids and other blood biochemical factors in hyperlipidemic individuals. Pak J Pharm Sci 2006;19:295–8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bordia A, Verma SK, Srivastava KC. Effect of garlic (Allium sativum) on blood lipids, blood sugar, fibrinogen and fibrinolytic activity in patients with coronary artery disease. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 1998;58:257–63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim I, Kim HR, Kim JH, Om AS. Beneficial effects of Allium sativum L. stem extract on lipid metabolism and antioxidant status in obese mice fed a high-fat diet. J Sci Food Agric 2013. [Epub ahead of print]. doi:10.1002/jsfa.6094
   Google Scholar
• Kim SH, Jung EY, Kang DH, et al. Physical stability, antioxidative properties, and photoprotective effects of a functionalized formulation containing black garlic extract. J Photochem Photobiol B 2012;117:104–10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El Shenawy NS, Soliman MF, Reyad SI. The effect of antioxidant properties of aqueous garlic extract and Nigella sativa as anti-schistosomiasis agents in mice. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2008;50:29–36
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jastrzebski Z, Leontowicz H, Leontowicz M, et al. The bioactivity of processed garlic (Allium sativum L.) as shown in vitro and in vivo studies on rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2007;45:1626–33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dhawan V, Jain S. Effect of garlic supplementation on oxidized low density lipoproteins and lipid peroxidation in patients of essential hypertension. Mol Cell Biochem 2004;266:109–15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Sayyad HI, Abou-El-Naga AM, Gadallah AA, Bakr IH. Protective effects of Allium sativum against defects of hypercholesterolemia on pregnant rats and their offspring. Int J Clin Exp Med 2010;3:152–63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiss N, Papatheodorou L, Morihara N, et al. Aged garlic extract restores nitric oxide bioavailability in cultured human endothelial cells even under conditions of homocysteine elevation. J Ethnopharmacol 2013;145:162–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rose P, Whiteman M, Moore PK, Zhu YZ. Bioactive S-alk(en)yl cysteine sulfoxide metabolites in the genus Allium: the chemistry of potential therapeutic agents. Nat Prod Rep 2005;22:351–68
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Das I, Saha T. Effect of garlic on lipid peroxidation and antioxidation enzymes in DMBA-induced skin carcinoma. Nutrition 2009;25:459–71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma S, Singh S, Gujral U, et al. Uterine artery notching on color doppler ultrasound and roll over test in prediction of pregnancy induced hypertension. J Obstet Gynaecol India 2011;61:649–51
   PubMedGoogle Scholar