References
- Lacro R V, Jones K L, Benirschke K. The umbilical cord twist: origin, direction and relevance. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1987; 157: 833–838
- Malpas P, Symonds E M. Observations on the structure of the human umbilical cord. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1966; 123: 746–750
- Strong T H, Jarles D L, Vega J S, Feldman D B. The umbilical coiling index. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1994; 170: 29
- Lavery J P. Appendages of the placenta. The Human Placenta, Clinical Perspectives1st edition, J P Lavery. Aspen Publishers, Rockville, MD 1987; 257–277
- Bender H G, Werner C, Karsten C. Zum einflub der nabelschnurstruktur auf schwangerschafts—und geburtsverlauf. Arch Gynakol 1978; 225: 347–362
- Benirschke K, Driscoll S G. The Pathology of the Human Placenta. Springer‐Verlag, New York 1974; 160–162
- Benirschke K. Obstetrically important lesions of the umbilical cord. J Reprod Med 1994; 39: 262–272
- McKay D G, Roby C C, Hertig A T, Richardson M V. Studies of the function of early human trophoblast. II. Preliminary observations on certain chemical constituents of chorionic and early amniotic fluid. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1955; 69: 735–741
- Virgilio L A, Spangler D B. Fetal death secondary to constriction and torsion of the umbilical cord. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1978; 102: 32–35
- Strong T H, Sarno A P, Paul R H. The significance of intrapartum amniotic fluid volume in the presence of nuchal cords. J Reprod Med 1992; 37: 718–720
- Strong T H, Hetzler G, Sarno A P, Paul R H. Prophylactic intrapartum amnioinfusion: a prospective, randomized trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1990; 162: 1370–1375
- Miyazaki F, Taylor N A. Saline amnioinfusion for relief of variable or prolonged decelerations, a preliminary report. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1983; 146: 670–678
- Bruce S, James L S, Bowe E. Umbilical cord complications as a cause of perinatal morbidity and morality. J Perinat Med 1978; 6: 89–94