Increased Sympathetic Activity in Chronic Pancreatitis Patients Is Associated With Hyperalgesia

REFERENCES

• Gebhart GF. Pathobiology of visceral pain: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications: IV. Visceral afferent contributions to the pathobiology of visceral pain. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2000;278:G834–G838.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bockman DE, Büchler MW, Malfertheiner P, Analysis of nerves in chronic pancreatitis. Gastroenterology. 1988;94: 1459–1469.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bockman DE. Chronic pancreatitis: morphology and the role of nerves. Dig Surg. 1994;11:261–266.
   Google Scholar
• Büchler MW, Weihe E, Friess HM, Changes in peptidergic innervation in chronic pancreatitis. Pancreas. 1992;7:183–192.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shrikhande SV, Friess H, di Mola FF, NK-1 receptor gene expression is related to pain in chronic pancreatitis. Pain. 2001;91:209–217.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drewes AM, Gratkowski M, Sami SA, Is the pain in chronic pancreatitis of neuropathic origin? Support from EEG studies during experimental pain. World J Gastroenterol. 2008;14:4020–4027.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woolf CJ, Salter MW. Neuronal plasticity: increasing the gain in pain. Science. 2000;288:1765–1769.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buscher HCJL, Wilder-Smith OH, Van Goor H. Chronic pancreatitis patients show hyperalgesia of central origin: a pilot study. Eur J Pain. 2006;10:363–370.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dimcevski G, Sami SAK, Funch-Jensen P, Pain in chronic pancreatitis: the role of reorganization in the central nervous system. Gastroenterology. 2007;132:1546–1556.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen MB. The enteric nervous system II: gastrointestinal functions. Pharmacol Toxicol. 2003;92:249–257.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Raja SN, Meyer RA, Ringkamp M, Peripheral neural mechanisms of nociception. In: Wall PD, Melzack R, eds. Textbook of Pain. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 1999:11–57.
   Google Scholar
• Baron R, Levine JD, Fields HL. Causalgia and reflex sympathetic dystrophy: does the sympathetic nervous system contribute to the generation of pain? Muscle Nerve. 1999;22: 678–695.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nackley AG, Tan KS, Fecho K, Catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibition increases pain sensitivity through activation of both [beta]2- and [beta]3-adrenergic receptors. Pain. 2007;128:199–208.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Imrie CW, Menezes N, Carter CR. Diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis and newer aspects of pain control. Digestion. 1999;60(Suppl 1):111–113.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Willemsen JJ, Ross HA, Jacobs MC, Highly sensitive and specific HPLC with fluorometric detection for determination of plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine applied to kinetic studies in humans. Clin Chem. 1995;41:1455–1460.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baron R, Schattschneider J, Binder A, Relation between sympathetic vasoconstrictor activity and pain and hyperalgesia in complex regional pain syndromes: a case-control study. Lancet. 2002;359:1655–1660.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schattschneider J, Binder A, Siebrecht D, Complex regional pain syndromes: the influence of cutaneous and deep somatic sympathetic innervation on pain. Clin J Pain. 2006;22:240–244.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torebjork E, Wahren L, Wallin G, Noradrenaline-evoked pain in neuralgia. Pain. 1995;63:11–20.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Coderre TJ, Basbaum AI, Dallman MF, Epinephrine exacerbates arthritis by an action at presynaptic B2-adrenoceptors. Neuroscience. 1990;34:521–523.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torpy DJ, Papanicolaou DA, Lotsikas AJ, Responses of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis to interleukin-6: a pilot study in fibromyalgia. Arthritis Rheum. 2000;43:872–880.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martinez-Lavin M, Vidal M, Barbosa RE, Norepinephrine-evoked pain in fibromyalgia. A randomized pilot study [ISRCTN70707830]. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2002;3:2.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ali Z, Raja SN, Wesselmann U, Intradermal injection of norepinephrine evokes pain in patients with sympathetically maintained pain. Pain. 2000;88:161–168.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schattschneider J, zum Buttel I, Binder A, Mechanisms of adrenosensitivity in capsaicin induced hyperalgesia. Eur J Pain. 2007;11:756–763.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jänig W, Levine JD, Michaelis M. Interactions of sympathetic and primary afferent neurons following nerve injury and tissue trauma. Prog Brain Res. 1996;113:161–184.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jänig W, Häbler HJ. Sympathetic nervous system: contribution to chronic pain. Prog Brain Res. 2000;129:451–468.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Izzo JL. Biochemical assessment of sympathetic activity. In: Robertson D, Low PA, Polinsky RJ, eds. Primer on the Autonomic Nervous System. San Diego: Academic Press; 1996:116–122.
   Google Scholar
• Schattschneider J, Uphoff J, Binder A, No adrenergic sensitization of afferent neurons in painful sensory polyneuropathy. J Neurol. 2006;253:280–286.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lenders JW, Willemsen JJ, Beissel T, Kloppenborg PW, Thien T, Benraad TJ. Value of the plasma norepinephrine/3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol ratio for the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma. Am J Med. 1992;92:147–152.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobs MC, Lenders JW, Willemsen JJ, Thien T. Adrenomedullary secretion of epinephrine is increased in mild essential hypertension. Hypertension. 1997;29: 1303–1308.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar