Assessment of mitochondrial electron transport chain function in a primary astrocyte cell model of hyperhomocystinaemia

References

• Baydas G, Reiter RJ, Akbulut M, et al. (2005). Melatonin inhibits neural apoptosis induced by homocysteine in hippocampus of rats via inhibition of cytochrome c translocation and caspase-3 activation and by regulating pro- and anti-apoptotic protein levels. Neuroscience 135:879–86
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bell IR, Edman JS, Selhub J, et al. (1992). Plasma homocysteine in vascular disease and in nonvascular dementia of depressed elderly people. Acta Psychiatr Scand 86:386–90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chwatko G, Jakubowski H. (2005). Urinary excretion of homocysteine-thiolactone in humans. Clin Chem 51:408–15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark JB, Nicklas WJ. (1970). The metabolism of rat brain mitochondria. Preparation and characterization. J Biol Chem 245:4724–31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clarke R, Smith AD, Jobst KA, et al. (1998). Folate, vitamin B12, and serum total homocysteine levels in confirmed Alzheimer disease. Arch Neurol 55:1449–55
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diaz-Arrastia R. (1998). Hyperhomocysteinemia: a new risk factor for Alzheimer disease? Arch Neurol 55:1407–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Folbergrova J, Jesina P, Drahota Z, et al. (2007). Mitochondrial complex I inhibition in cerebral cortex of immature rats following homocysteic acid-induced seizures. Exp Neurol 204:597–609
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grieve A, Butcher SP, Griffiths R. (1992). Synaptosomal plasma membrane transport of excitatory sulphur amino acid transmitter candidates: kinetic characterisation and analysis of carrier specificity. J Neurosci Res 32:60–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gutman I, Wahlefeld WW. (1974). L-lactate determination with lactate dehydrogenase and NAD. In Hu B, ed. Methods of enzymatic analysis. New York: Academic, 1464–8
   Google Scholar
• Halliwell B. (1996). Free radicals, proteins and DNA: oxidative damage versus redox regulation. Biochem Soc Trans 24:1023–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harrison J, Hodson AW, Skillen AW, et al. (1988). Blood glucose, lactate, pyruvate, glycerol, 3-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate measurements in man using a centrifugal analyser with a fluorimetric attachment. J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 26:141–6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Heales SJ, Lam AA, Duncan AJ, Land JM. (2004). Neurodegeneration or neuroprotection: the pivotal role of astrocytes. Neurochem Res 29:513–19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ho PI, Ashline D, Dhitavat S, et al. (2003). Folate deprivation induces neurodegeneration: roles of oxidative stress and increased homocysteine. Neurobiol Dis 14:32–42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Isobe C, Murata T, Sato C, Terayama Y. (2005). Increase of total homocysteine concentration in cerebrospinal fluid in patients with Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Life Sci 77:1836–43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jakubowski H. (1997). Metabolism of homocysteine thiolactone in human cell cultures. Possible mechanism for pathological consequences of elevated homocysteine levels. J Biol Chem 272:1935–42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• James SJ, Cutler P, Melnyk S, et al. (2004). Metabolic biomarkers of increased oxidative stress and impaired methylation capacity in children with autism. Am J Clin Nutr 80:1611–17
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim WK, Pae YS. (1996). Involvement of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor and free radical in homocysteine-mediated toxicity on rat cerebellar granule cells in culture. Neurosci Lett 216:117–20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King TE. (1967). Preparations of succinate—cytochrome c reductase and the cytochrome b-c1 particle, and reconstitution of succinate-cytochrome c reductase. Methods Enzymol 10:216–25
   Google Scholar
• Kuhn W, Roebroek R, Blom H, et al. (1998). Hyperhomocysteinaemia in Parkinson's disease. J Neurol 245:811–12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindenbaum J, Healton EB, Savage DG, et al. (1988). Neuropsychiatric disorders caused by cobalamin deficiency in the absence of anemia or macrocytosis. N Engl J Med 318:1720–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linnebank M, Lutz H, Jarre E, et al. (2006). Binding of copper is a mechanism of homocysteine toxicity leading to COX deficiency and apoptosis in primary neurons, PC12 and SHSY-5Y cells. Neurobiol Dis 23:725–30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ. (1951). Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem 193:265–75
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCaddon A, Davies G, Hudson P, et al. (1998). Total serum homocysteine in senile dementia of Alzheimer type. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 13:235–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCully KS. (1996). Homocysteine and vascular disease. Nat Med 2:386–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moshal KS, Metreveli N, Frank I. (2008). Mitochondrial MMP activation, dysfunction and arrhythmogenesis in hyperhomocysteinemia. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 6:84–92
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mudd SH, Levy HL, Kraus JD. (2001). Disorders of transsulfuration. In Scriver CR, Sly WS Valle D, eds. The metabolic and molecular bases of inherited disease. 8th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2007–56
   Google Scholar
• Munnich A, Rustin P, Rotig A, et al. (1992). Clinical aspects of mitochondrial disorders. J Inherit Metab Dis 15:448–55
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Obeid R, Herrmann W. (2006). Mechanisms of homocysteine neurotoxicity in neurodegenerative diseases with special reference to dementia. FEBS Lett 580:2994–3005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plun-Favreau H, Burchell VS, Holmstrom KM, et al. (2012). HtrA2 deficiency causes mitochondrial uncoupling through the Fo-F1 ATP synthase and consequent ATP depletion. Cell Death Dis 3:e335 . doi:10.1038/cddis.2012.77
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prins ND, Den Heijer T, Hofman A, et al. (2002). Homocysteine and cognitive function in the elderly: the Rotterdam scan study. Neurology 59:1375–80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ragan CI, Wilson MY, Darley-Usman VM. (1988). Subfractionation of mitochondria and isolation of proteins of oxidative phophorylation. In Darley VM, Rickwood D Wilson MT, eds. Mitochondria: a practical approach. Oxford: IRL Press, 79–133
   Google Scholar
• Riederer P, Sofic E, Rausch WD, et al. (1989). Transition metals, ferritin, glutathione, and ascorbic acid in parkinsonian brains. J Neurochem 52:515–20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riggs KM, Spiro A 3rd, Tucker K, Rush D. (1996). Relations of vitamin B-12, vitamin B-6, folate, and homocysteine to cognitive performance in the Normative Aging Study. Am J Clin Nutr 63:306–14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seshadri S, Beiser A, Selhub J, et al. (2002). Plasma homocysteine as a risk factor for dementia and Alzheimer's disease. N Engl J Med 346:476–83
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shepard JA, Garland PB. (1969). Citrate synthase from rat liver. Methods Enzymol 13:11–19
   Google Scholar
• Streck EL, Delwing D, Tagliari B, et al. (2003). Brain energy metabolism is compromised by the metabolites accumulating in homocystinuria. Neurochem Int 43:597–602
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wharton DC, Tzagoloff A. (1967). Cytochrome oxidase from beef heart mitochondria. Methods Enzymol 10:245–50
   Google Scholar
• Yanai Y, Shibasaki T, Kohno N, et al. (1983). Concentrations of sulfur-containing free amino acids in lumbar cerebrospinal fluid from patients with consciousness disturbances. Acta Neurol Scand 68:386–93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ying J, Brennan L. (2008). Effects of homocysteine on metabolic pathways in cultured astrocytes. Neurochem Int 52:1410–15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zang Y, Marcillat O, Giulivi C, et al. (1990). The oxidative inactivation of mitochondrial electron transport components and ATPase. J Biol Chem 265:16330–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zylberstein DE, Lissner L, Björkelund C, et al. (2011). Midlife homocysteine and late-life dementia in women. A prospective population study. Neurobiol Aging 32:380--6
   Google Scholar