Neuromodulatory Effect of Endogenous Opioids on the Intensity and Unpleasantness of Breathlessness during Resistive Load Breathing in COPD

REFERENCES

• Barbano MF, Cador M. Differential regulation of the consummatory, motivational and anticipatory aspects of feeding behavior by dopaminergic and opioidergic drugs. Neuropsychopharmacology 2006; 31:1371–1381.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murphy MR, Checkley SA, Seckl JR, Lightman SL. Naloxone inhibits oxytocin release at orgasm in man. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1990; 71:1056–1058.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jarmukli NF, Ahn J, Iranmanesh A, Russell DC. Effect of raised plasma beta endorphin concentrations on peripheral pain and angina thresholds in patients with stable angina. Heart 1999; 82:204–209.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santiago TV, Edelman NH. Opioids and breathing. J Appl Physiol 1985; 59:1675–1685.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirsch JL, Muro JR, Stansbury DW, Fischer CE, Monfore R, Light RW. Effect of naloxone on maximal exercise performance and control of ventilation in COPD. Chest 1989; 96:761–766.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahler DA, Murray JA, Waterman LA, Ward J, Kraemer WJ, Zhang X, Baird JC. Endogenous opioids modify dyspnoea during treadmill exercise in patients with COPD. Eur Respir J 2009; 33:771–777.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carr DB, Bullen BA, Skrinar GS, Arnold MA, Rosenblatt M, Beitins IZ, Martin JB, McArthur JW. Physical conditioning facilitates the exercise-induced secretion of beta-endorphin and beta-lipotropin in women. N Engl J Med 1981; 305:560–563.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gambert SR, Garthwaite TL, Pontzer CH, Cook EE, Tristani FE, Duthie EH, Martinson DR, Hagen TC, McCarty DJ. Running elevates plasma beta-endorphin immunoreactivity and ACTH in untrained human subjects. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1981; 168:1–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thoren P, Floras JS, Hoffmann P, Seals DR. Endorphins and exercise: physiological mechanisms and clinical implications. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1990; 22:417–428.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santiago TV, Remolina C, Scoles V, 3rd, Edelman NH. Endorphins and the control of breathing. Ability of naloxone to restore flow-resistive load compensation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med 1981; 304:1190–1195.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simon PM, Pope A, Lahive K, Steinbrook RA, Schwartzstein RM, Weiss JW, Fencl V, Weinberger SE. Naloxone does not alter response to hypercapnia or resistive loading in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am Rev Respir Dis 1989; 139:134–138.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vassilakopoulos T, Zakynthinos S, Roussos C. Strenuous resistive breathing induces proinflammatory cytokines and stimulates the HPA axis in humans. Am J Physiol 1999; 277:R1013–109.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scardella AT, Parisi RA, Phair DK, Santiago TV, Edelman NH. The role of endogenous opioids in the ventilatory response to acute flow-resistive loads. Am Rev Respir Dis 1986; 133:26–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• von Leupoldt A, Dahme B. Differentiation between the sensory and affective dimension of dyspnea during resistive load breathing in normal subjects. Chest 2005; 128:3345–3349.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carrieri-Kohlman V, Donesky-Cuenco D, Park SK, Mackin L, Nguyen HQ, Paul SM. Additional evidence for the affective dimension of dyspnea in patients with COPD. Res Nurs Health 2010; 33:4–19.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rabe KF, Hurd S, Anzueto A, Barnes PJ, Buist SA, Calverley P, Fukuchi Y, Jenkins C, Rodriguez-Roisin R, van Weel C, Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: GOLD executive summary. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007; 176:532–555.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahler DA, Waterman LA, Ward J, McCusker C, ZuWallack R, Baird JC. Validity and responsiveness of the self-administered computerized versions of the baseline and transition dyspnea indexes. Chest 2007; 132:1283–1290.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller MR, Crapo R, Hankinson J, Brusasco V, Burgos F, Casaburi R, Coates A, Enright P, Van Der Grinten CP, Gustafsson P, General considerations for lung function testing. Eur Respir J 2005; 26:153–161.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller MR, Hankinson J, Brusasco V, Burgos F, Casaburi R, Coates A, Crapo R, Enright P, Van Der Grinten CP, Gustafsson P, Standardisation of spirometry. Eur Respir J 2005; 26:319–338.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Macintyre N, Crapo RO, Viegi G, Johnson DC, Van Der Grinten CP, Brusasco V, Burgos F, Casaburi R, Coates A, Enright P, Standardisation of the single-breath determination of carbon monoxide uptake in the lung. Eur Respir J 2005; 26:720–735.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Black LF, Hyatt RE. Maximal respiratory pressures: Normal values and relationship to age and sex. Am Rev Respir Dis 1969; 99:696–702.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morris JF, Koski A, Johnson LC. Spirometric standards for healthy nonsmoking adults. Am Rev Respir Dis 1971; 103:57–67.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crapo RO, Morris AH, Gardner RM. Reference spirometric values using techniques and equipment that meet ATS recommendations. Am Rev Respir Dis 1981; 123:659–664.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaensler EA, Smith AA. Attachment for automated single breath diffusing capacity measurement. Chest 1973; 63:136–145.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Donnell DE, Revill SM, Webb KA. Dynamic hyperinflation and exercise intolerance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001; 164:770–777.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Donnell DE, Fluge T, Gerken F, Hamilton A, Webb K, Aguilaniu B, Make B, Magnussen H. Effects of tiotropium on lung hyperinflation, dyspnoea and exercise tolerance in COPD. Eur Respir J 2004; 23:832–840.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pepin V, Saey D, Whittom F, LeBlanc P, Maltais F. Walking versus cycling: sensitivity to bronchodilation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005; 172:1517–1522.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ayers ML, Mejia R, Ward J, Lentine T, Mahler DA. Effectiveness of salmeterol versus ipratropium bromide on exertional dyspnoea in COPD. Eur Respir J 2001; 17:1132–1137.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Donnell DE, Sciurba F, Celli B, Mahler DA, Webb KA, Kalberg CJ, Knobil K. Effect of fluticasone propionate/salmeterol on lung hyperinflation and exercise endurance in COPD. Chest 2006; 130:647–656.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Somfay A, Porszasz J, Lee SM, Casaburi R. Dose-response effect of oxygen on hyperinflation and exercise endurance in nonhypoxaemic COPD patients. Eur Respir J 2001; 18:77–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wan L, Van Diest I, De Peuter S, Bogaerts K, Van Den Bergh O. Repeated breathlessness experiences induced by hypercapnia: differential effects on intensity and unpleasantness. Chest 2009; 135:455–461.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oga T, Nishimura K, Tsukino M, Hajiro T, Ikeda A, Izumi T. The effects of oxitropium bromide on exercise performance in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A comparison of three different exercise tests. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000; 161:1897–1901.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brouillard C, Pepin V, Milot J, Lacasse Y, Maltais F. Endurance shuttle walking test: responsiveness to salmeterol in COPD. Eur Respir J 2008; 31:579–584.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clement-Jones V, Besser GM. Clinical perspectives in opioid peptides. Br Med Bull 1983; 39:95–100.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le Merrer J, Becker JA, Befort K, Kieffer BL. Reward processing by the opioid system in the brain. Physiol Rev 2009; 89:1379–1412.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zebraski SE, Kochenash SM, Raffa RB. Lung opioid receptors: pharmacology and possible target for nebulized morphine in dyspnea. Life Sci 2000; 66:2221–2231.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahler DA, Selecky PA, Harrod CG, Benditt JO, Carrieri-Kohlman V, Curtis JR, Manning HL, Mularski RA, Campbell M, Carter ER, American College of Chest Physicians consensus statement on the management of dyspnea in patients with advanced lung or heart disease. Chest 2010; 137:674–691.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varkey B. Opioids for palliation of refractory dyspnea in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2010; 16:150–154.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chonan T, Altose MD, Cherniack NS. Effects of expiratory resistive loading on the sensation of dyspnea. J Appl Physiol 1990; 69:91–95.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stevenson NJ, Walker PP, Costello RW, Calverley PM. Lung mechanics and dyspnea during exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005; 172:1510–1516.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parker CM, Voduc N, Aaron SD, Webb KA, O'Donnell DE. Physiological changes during symptom recovery from moderate exacerbations of COPD. Eur Respir J 2005; 26:420–428.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ofir D, Laveneziana P, Webb KA, O'Donnell DE. Ventilatory and perceptual responses to cycle exercise in obese women. J Appl Physiol 2007; 102:2217–2226.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahler DA, Ward J, Fierro-Carrion G, Waterman L, Lentine TF, Mejia-Alfaro R, Baird JC. Development of self-administered versions of the modified baseline and transition dyspnea indexes in COPD. J COPD 2004; 1:165–172.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar