Chronic Airflow Obstruction in a Black African Population: Results of BOLD Study, Ile-Ife, Nigeria

References

• Lozano R, Naghavi M, Foreman K, Lim S, Shibuya K, ­Aboyans V, Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet 2013; 380:2095–2128.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finney L, Feary J, Leonardi-Bee J, Gordon S, Mortimer K. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review [Review article]. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2013; 17:583–589.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cowie RL, Mabena SK. Silicosis, chronic airflow limitation, and chronic bronchitis in South African gold miners. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1991; 143:80–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Myers JE, Cornell JE. Respiratory health of brickworkers in Cape Town, South Africa: symptoms, signs and pulmonary function abnormalities. Scand J Work Environ Health 1989: 15(3):188–194.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peters EJ, Esin RA, Immananagha KK, Siziya S, Osim EE. Lung function status of some Nigerian men and women chronically exposed to fish drying using burning firewood. Cent Afr J Med 1999; 45:119–124.
   Google Scholar
• Urom S, Antai A, Osim E. Symptoms and lung function values in Nigerian men and women exposed to dust generated from crushing of granite rocks in Calabar, Nigeria. Nig J Physio Sci 2005; 19:41–47.
   Google Scholar
• Ehrlich R, White N, Norman R, Laubscher R, Steyn K, Lombard C, et al. Predictors of chronic bronchitis in South African adults. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2004; 8:369–376.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erhabor G, Kolawole O. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a ten-year review of clinical features in OAUTHC, Ile-Ife. Nig J Med 2002; 11:101–104
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Miller M, Pedersen O, Pellegrino R, Brusasco V. Debating the definition of airflow obstruction: time to move on? Eur Respir J 2009; 34:527–528.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mannino DM. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the older adult: what defines abnormal lung function? Thorax 2007; 62:237–244.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mannino DM, Homa DM, Akinbami LJ, Ford ES, Redd SC. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease surveillance-United States, 1971-2000. Respir Care 2002;47:1184–1199.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Buist AS, Vollmer, WM, Sullivan, SD, Weiss, KB, Lee, TA, Menezes AMB, et al. The burden of obstructive lung disease initiative (BOLD): rationale and design. J COPD 2005; 2:277–283.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Buist AS, McBurnie MA, Vollmer WM, Gillespie S, Burney P, Mannino DM, et al. International variation in the prevalence of COPD (the BOLD Study): a population-based prevalence study. Lancet 2007; 370:741–750.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vollmer WM, Gíslason Þ, Burney P, Enright PL, Gulsvik A, Kocabas A, et al. Comparison of spirometry criteria for the diagnosis of COPD: results from the BOLD study. Eur Respir J 2009; 34:588–597.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Population Distribution By Age and Sex: 2006 Census Priority Tables (Vol 4). Available from: http://www.population.gov.ng/index.php/publications/141-population-distribution-by-age-and-sex-2006-census-priority-tables-vol-4 ( accessed 15 December, 2014)
   Google Scholar
• Miller MR, Hankinson J, Brusasco V, Burgos F, Casaburi R, Coates A, et al. Standardisation of spirometry. Eur Respir J 2005; 26:319–338.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Global Lung Function Initiative. Lung Function in Growth and Aging. Updated October 1 2013; Available from: www.lungfunction.org ( accessed 24/01/2015).
   Google Scholar
• Hankinson JL, Odencrantz JR, Fedan KB. Spirometric reference values from a sample of the general US population. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999; 159(1):179–187.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hankinson JL, Eschenbacher B, Townsend M, Stocks J, Quanjer PH. Use of forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1 second quality criteria for determining a valid test. Eur Respir J 2015; 45(5):1283–1292
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Gemert F, Kirenga B, Chavannes N, Kamya M, Luzige S, Musinguzi P, et al. Prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and associated risk factors in Uganda (FRESH AIR Uganda): a prospective cross-sectional observational study. Lancet Global Health 2015; 3:e44–e51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Musafiri S, Van Meerbeeck J, Musango L, Brusselle G, Joos G, Seminega B, et al. Prevalence of atopy, asthma and COPD in an urban and a rural area of an African country. Respir Med 2011; 105:1596–1605.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gathuru IM, Bunker CH, Ukoli FA, Egbagbe EE. Differences in rates of obstructive lung disease between Africans and African Americans. Ethnic Dis 2002; 12:3–107.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• VanderJagt DJ, Mcclung KD, Kassam HA, Harkins MS, Glew RH. Pulmonary function of herdsmen. J Natl Med Assoc 2004; 96:550–556.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burney P, Jithoo A, Kato B, Janson C, Mannino D, Nizankowska-Mogilnicka E, et al. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease mortality and prevalence: the associations with smoking and poverty–a BOLD analysis. Thorax 2014; 69:465–473.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nigeria Population - Demographics. Available from: http://www.indexmundi.com/nigeria/population.html ( accessed 15 December 2014).
   Google Scholar
• Xu F, Yin XM, Zhang M, Shen HB, Lu LG, Xu YC. Prevalence of physician-diagnosed COPD and its association with smoking among urban and rural residents in regional Mainland China. CHEST 2005; 128:2818–2823.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schirnhofer L, Lamprecht B, Vollmer WM, Allison MJ, Studnicka M, Jensen RL, et al. COPD Prevalence in Salzburg, Austria: Results From the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) Study. CHEST 2007; 131:29–36.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Regalado J, Pérez-Padilla R, Sansores R, Ramirez JIP, Brauer M, Paré P, et al. The effect of biomass burning on respiratory symptoms and lung function in rural Mexican women. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2006; 174(8):901–905.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fullerton DG, Bruce N, Gordon SB. Indoor air pollution from biomass fuel smoke is a major health concern in the developing world. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2008; 102:843–851.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurmi OP, Semple S, Simkhada P, Smith WC, Ayres JG. COPD and chronic bronchitis risk of indoor air pollution from solid fuel: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Thorax 2010; 65:221–228.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Po JY, FitzGerald JM, Carlsten C. Respiratory disease associated with solid biomass fuel exposure in rural women and children: systematic review and meta-analysis. Thorax 2011; 66:232–239.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gurley E, Homaira N, Salje H, Ram P, Haque R, Petri W, et al. Indoor exposure to particulate matter and the incidence of acute lower respiratory infections among children: A birth cohort study in urban Bangladesh. Indoor Air 2013; 23:379–386
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurmi OP, Devereux GS, Smith WC, Semple S, Steiner MF, Simkhada P, et al. Reduced lung function due to biomass smoke exposure in young adults in rural Nepal. Eur Respir J 2013; 41:25–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu G, Zhou Y, Tian J, Yao W, Li J, Li B, et al. Risk of COPD From Exposure to Biomass Smoke: A Meta-analysis. CHEST 2010; 138:20–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hooper R, Burney P, Vollmer WM, McBurnie M, Gislason T, Tan WC, et al. Risk factors for COPD spirometrically defined from the lower limit of normal in the BOLD project. Eur Respir J 2012; 39:1343–1353.
   Google Scholar
• Lamprecht B, Schirnhofer L, Kaiser B, Studnicka M, Buist A. Farming and the prevalence of non-reversible airways obstruction—results from a population-based study. Am J Ind Med 2007; 50(6):421–426.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hnizdo E, Singh T, Churchyard G. Chronic pulmonary function impairment caused by initial and recurrent pulmonary tuberculosis following treatment. Thorax 2000; 55:32–38.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ross J, Ehrlich RI, Hnizdo E, White N, Churchyard GJ. Excess lung function decline in gold miners following pulmonary tuberculosis. Thorax 2010; 65:1010–1015.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lam KB, Jiang CQ, Jordan RE, Miller MR, Zhang WS, Cheng KK, et al. Prior TB, smoking, and airflow obstruction: a cross-sectional analysis of the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study. CHEST 2010; 137:593–600.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith M, Li L, Augustyn M, Kurmi O, Chen J, Collins R, et al. Prevalence and correlates of airflow obstruction in approximately 317,000 never-smokers in China. Eur Respir J 2014; 44:66–77.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caballero A, Torres-Duque CA, Jaramillo C, Bolivar F, Sanabria F, Osorio P, et al. Prevalence of COPD in five Colombian cities situated at low, medium, and high altitude (PREPOCOL study). CHEST 2008; 133:343–349.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rasmussen F, Taylor DR, Flannery EM, Cowan JO, Greene JM, Herbison GP, et al. Risk Factors for Airway Remodeling in Asthma Manifested by a Low Post-bronchodilator FEV1/Vital Capacity Ratio A Longitudinal Population Study from Childhood to Adulthood. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002; 165:1480–1488.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ulrik CS, Backer V, Dirksen A. A 10 year follow up of 180 adults with bronchial asthma: factors important for the decline in lung function. Thorax 1992; 47:14–18.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dijkstra A, Vonk JM, Jongepier H, Koppelman, GH, Schouten JP, ten Hacken NHT, et al. Lung function decline in asthma: association with inhaled corticosteroids, smoking and sex. Thorax 2006; 61:105–110.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Obaseki D, Potts J, Joos G, Baelum J, Haahtela T, Ahlstrom M, et al. The relation of airway obstruction to asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis and age: results from a population survey of adults. Allergy 2014; 69:1205–1214.
   Google Scholar