References
- Funaki K, Mikamo K. Developmental-stage-dependent teratogenic effects of maternal spontaneous diabetes in the Chinese hamster. Diabetes 1983; 32: 637–43
- Hall S E, Wastney M E, Bolton T M, Braaten J T, Berman M. Ketone body kinetics in humans: The effects of insulin-dependent diabetes, obesity, and starvation. J Lipid Res 1984; 25: 1184–94
- Gabbe S G. Congenital malformation in infants of diabetic mothers. Obst and Gynecol Surv 1977; 3: 125–32
- Uiru J Y, Keen C L, Reaven G M, Stern J S. Effect of ternal diabetes and exercise on fetal development of the rat. Teratology 1984; 29: 61A
- Garris D R. Effects of progressive hyperglycemia on rian structure and function in the spontaneously diabetic Chinese hamster. Anat Rec 1984; 485–9
- Zusman I, Ornoy A, Yaffe P, Shafrir E. Effects of glucose and serum from streptozotocin-diabetic and nondiabetic rats on the in vitro development of preimplantation mouse embryos. Isr J Med Sci 1985; 21: 359–65
- Sadler T W. Effects of maternal diabetes on early embryogenesis. II. Hyperglycemia-induced exencephaly. Teratology 1980; 21: 349–56
- Cockroft D L. Abnormalities induced in cultured & embryos by hyperglycaemia. Br J Exp Pathol 1984; 65: 625–36
- Garnham E A, Beck F, Clark C A, Stanisstreet M. Effects of glucose on rat embryos in culture. Diabetologia 1983; 25: 291–5
- Reece E A, Pinter E, Leranth C Z, et al. Ultrastructural analysis of malformations of the embryonic neural axis induced by in vitro hyperglycemic conditions. Teratology 1985; 32: 363–73
- Sadler T W, Philips L S, Balkan W, Goldstein S. Somaedin inhibitors from diabetic rat serum after growth and development of mouse embryos in ture. Diabetes 1986; 35: 861–5
- Zusman I, Yaffe P, Ornoy A. Effects of metabolic faors in the diabetic state on the in vitro development of preimplantation mouse embryos. Teology 1987; 35: 77–85
- Gabbe S G, Quilligan E J. General obstetric management of the diabetic pregnancy. Clin Obstet Gynecol 1981; 24: 91–105
- Felig P, Lynch V. Starvation in human pregnancy: Hypoglycemia, hypoinsulinemia and hyperketonemia. Science 1970; 170: 990–2
- Kreisberg R A. Diabetic ketoacidosis: New concepts and trends in pathogenesis and treatment. Ann Intern Med 1978; 88: 681–95
- Rhodes R W, Ogburn P L, Jr. Treatment of severe betic ketoacidosis in the early third trimester in a patient with fetal distress. A case report. Reprod Med 1984; 29: 621–4
- Mills J L. Malformations in infants of diabetic mothers. Teratology 1982; 25: 385–94
- Lewis N J, Akazava S, Freinkel N. Teratogenesis from hydroxybutyrate during organogenesis in rat embryo organ culture and enchancement by subteratogenic glucose. Diabetes 1983; 32(Suppl 1)11A
- Freinkel N, Cockroft D L, Lewis N J, et al. The 1986 McCollum award lecture. Fuel mediated teratogenesis during early organogenesis: The effects of increased concentrations of glucose, ketones or somatomedin inhibitor during rat embryo culture. Am J Clin Nutr 1986; 44: 986–95
- New DAT. Whole-embryo culture and the study of mammalian embryo during organogenesis. Biol Rev 1978; 53: 81–122
- Ornoy A, Zusman I, Cohen A M, Shafrir E. Effects of sera from Cohen, genetically determined diabetic rats, streptozotocin diabetic rats and sucrose fed rats on in vitro development of early somite rat embryos. Diabetes Res 1986; 3: 43–51
- Karnovsky M J. A formaldehyde-glutaraldehyde fixation of high osmolarity for use in electron microscopy. J Cell Biol 1965; 27: 137A
- Siegel S. Nonparametric statistics for the behavioral sciences. McGraw-Hill, New York 1956; 161–6
- Smithberg M, Dixit P K. Teratogenic effects of lithium in mice. Teratology 1982; 26: 239–46
- Izquierdo L, Becker M I. Effect of Li+ on preimplantation mouse embryos. J Embryol Exp Morphol 1982; 67: 51–8
- Horton W E, Jr, Sadler T W. Effects of maternal diabetes on early embryogenesis. Alterations in morphogenesis produced by the ketone body, β-hydroxybutyrate. Diabetes 1983; 32: 610–6
- Sheehan E A, Beck F, Clarke C A, Stanisstreet M. Effects of beta-hydroxybutyrate on rat embryos grown in culture. Experientia 1985; 41: 273–5
- Horton W E, Jr, Sadler T W, Hunter E S, III. Effects of hyperketonemia on mouse embryonic and fetal glucose metabolism in vitro. Teratology 1985; 31: 227–33
- Bhasin S, Shambaugh G E, III. Fetal fuels V. Ketone bodies inhibit pyrimidine biosynthesis in fetal rat brain. Am J Physiol 1982; 243: E234–9
- Robinson A M, Williamson D H. Physiological roles of ketone bodies as substrates and signals in mammalian tissues. Physiol Rev 1980; 60: 143–7