46
Views
39
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Congenital Tracheal Anomalies: Pathology Study Using Serial Macrosections and Review of the Literature

&
Pages 513-537 | Received 01 Sep 1993, Accepted 25 Sep 1993, Published online: 09 Jul 2009

References

  • Benjamin B. Tracheomalacia in infants and children. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1984; 93: 438–42
  • Baxter J. D., Dunbar J. S. Tracheomalacia. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1963; 72: 1013–23
  • Schild J. A. Congenital malformations of the trachea and bronchi. Pediatric Otolaryngology, C. D. Bluestone, S. E. Stool. WB Saunders Company, Philadelphia 1990; 1129–51
  • Holinger P. H., Brown W. T., Maurizi D. G. Endoscopic aspects of postsurgical management of congenital esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1965; 49: 22–32
  • Benjamin B. Endoscopy in esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1981; 90: 376–82
  • Davies M. R., Cyives S. The flaccid trachea and tracheo-esophageal anomalies. J Pediatr Surg. 1978; 13: 363–7
  • Emery J. L., Haddadin A. J. Squamous epithelium in the respiratory tract of children with tracheoesophageal fistula. Arch Dis Child. 1971; 46: 236–42
  • Smith E. I. The early development of the trachea and esophagus in relation to atresia of the esophagus and tracheoesophageal fistula. Contrib Embryol. 1957; 36: 41–57
  • O'Rahilly R., Muller F. Respiratory and alimentary relations in staged human embryos: new embryological data and congenital anomalies. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1984; 93: 421–9
  • Chiu T., Cuevas D., Cuevas L., Monteiro C. Tracheal agenesis. South Med J. 1990; 83: 925–30
  • Ardito J. M., Ossoff R. H., Tucker G. F., Jr, Deleon S. Y. Innominate artery compression of the trachea in infants with reflex apnea. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1980; 89: 401–5
  • Prasad S., McBride T. P., Merida M., Katz N. M. Imaging case study of the month, 1
  • Jue K. L., Raghib G., Arnplatz K., Adams P., Jr, Edwards J. E. Anomalous origin of the left pulmonary artery from the right pulmonary artery. AJR 1965; 95: 598–610
  • Backer C. L., Idriss F. S., Holinger L. D., Mavroudis C. Pulmonary artery sling: results of surgical repair in infancy. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1992; 103: 683–91
  • Pokorny W. J., Sherman J. O. Mediastinal masses in infants and children. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1974; 68: 869–75
  • Bower R. J., Kiesewetter W. B. Mediastinal masses in infants and children. Arch Surg. 1977; 112: 1003–9
  • Bailey P. V., Tracy T., Jr, Connors R. H., de Mello D., Lewis J. E., Weber T. R. Congenital bronchopulmonary malformations: diagnostic and therapeutic considerations. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1990; 99: 597–603
  • Maier H. C. Bronchogenic cysts of the mediastinum. Ann Surg. 1948; 127: 476–502
  • Ramenofsky M. L., Leape G. G., McCauley RG K. Bronchogenic cyst. J Pediatr Surg. 1979; 14: 219–24
  • Snyder M. E., Luck S. R., Hernandez R., Sherman J. O., Raffensperger J. G. Diagnostic dilemmas of mediastinal cysts. J Pediatr Surg. 1985; 20: 810–5
  • Rogers L. F., Osmer J. C. Bronchogenic cyst: a review of 46 cases. AJR 1964; 91: 273–83
  • Heithoff K. B., Sane S. M., Williams H. J., et al. Bronchopulmonary foregut malformations: a unifying etiological concept. AJR 1976; 126: 46–55
  • Adkins J. C. Congenital malformations of the esophagus. Pediatric Otolaryngology, C. D. Bluestone, S. E. Stool. WB Saunders Company, Philadelphia 1990; 973–84
  • Tucker G. F., Ossoff R. H., Newman A. N., Holinger L. D. Histopathology of congenital subglottic stenosis. Laryngoscope 1979; 89: 866–76
  • Loeff D. S., Filler R. M., Vinograd I., et al. Congenital tracheal stenosis: a review of 22 patients from 1965 to 1987. J Pediatr Surg. 1988; 23: 744–8
  • Greene D. A. Congenital complete tracheal rings. Arch Otolaryngol. 1976; 102: 241–3
  • Inglis A. F., Jr, Kokesh J., Siebert J., Richardson M. A. Vertically fused tracheal cartilage: an under-recognized anomaly. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1992; 118: 436–8
  • Stone P., Trevenen C. L., Mitchell I., Rudd N. Congenital tracheal stenosis in Pfeiffer syndrome. Clin Genet. 1990; 38: 145–8
  • Devine P., Bhan I., Feingold M., Leonidas J. C., Wolpert S. M. Completely cartilaginous trachea in a child with Crouzon syndrome. Am J Dis Child. 1984; 138: 40–3
  • Holinger P. H., Johnston K. C., Basinger C. E. Benign stenosis of the trachea. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1950; 59: 837–59
  • Holinger P. H., Johnston K. C., Parchet V. N., Zimmermann A. A. Congenital malformations of the trachea bronchi and lung. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1952; 61: 1159–80
  • Diaz E. M., Jr, Adams J. M., Haqkins H. K., Smith RJ H. Tracheal agenesis. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1989; 115: 741–5
  • Milstein J. M., Lau M., Bickers R. G. Tracheal agenesis in infants with VATER association. Am J Dis Child. 1985; 139: 77–80
  • His W. Anatomie menschlicher embryonen. III. Zur Geschichte der Organe. Vogel, Leipzig, East Germany 1885; 12–9
  • Streeter G. L. Development horizons in human embryos. Description of age groups xv, xvi, xvii and xviii. Contrib Embryol. 1948; 32: 133–203
  • Bremer J. L. Congenital anomalies of the viscera: their embryologic basis. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA 1957; 27–31
  • Floyd J., Campbell D. C., Dominy D. E. Agenesis of the trachea. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1962; 86: 557–60
  • Azoulay D., Regnard J. F., Magdeleinat P., Diamond T., Rojas-Miranda A., Levasseur P. Congenital respiratory-esophageal fistula in the adult: report of nine cases and review of literature. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1992; 104: 381–4
  • Robinson H. B., Jr. DiGeorge's or the III-IV pharyngeal pouch syndrome: pathology and a theory of pathogenesis. Perspect Pediatr Pathol. 1975; 2: 173–206
  • Ein S. H., Shandling B., Wesson D., Filler R. M. Esophageal atresia with distal tracheoesophageal fistula: associated anomalies and prognosis in the 1980s. J Pediatr Surg. 1989; 24: 1055–9
  • Spitz L., Kiely E., Brereton R. J. Esophageal atesia: five year experience with 148 cases. J Pediatr Surg. 1987; 22: 103–8
  • Le Roux B. T. Anatomical abnormalities of the right upper bronchus. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1962; 44: 225–7
  • Warkany J. Congenital Malformations: Notes and Comments. Year Book Medical Publishers, Chicago 1971; 600
  • Harris J. H., Jr. The clinical significance of the tracheal bronchus. AJR 1958; 79: 228–34
  • Evans J. A. Aberrant bronchi and cardiovascular anomalies. Am J Med Genet. 1990; 35: 46–54
  • Maisel R. H., Fried M. P., Swain R., Spector G. Anomalous tracheal bronchus with tracheal hypoplasia. Arch Otolaryngol. 1974; 100: 69–70
  • Siegel M. J., Shackelford G. D., Francis R. S., McAlister W. H. Tracheal bronchus. Radiology 1979; 130: 353–5
  • Vredevoe L. A., Brechner T., Moy P. Obstruction of anomalous tracheal bronchus with endotracheal intubation. Anesthesiology 1981; 55: 581–3
  • Wells A. L., Wells T. R., Landing B. H., Cruz B., Galvis D. A. Short trachea a hazard in tracheal intubation of neonates and infants: syndromal associations. Anesthesiology 1989; 71: 367–73
  • Wells T. R., Jacobs R. A., Senac M. O., Landing B. H. Incidence of short trachea in patients with myelomeningocele. Pediatr Neurol. 1990; 6: 109–11
  • Wells T. R., Wells A. L., Galvis D. A., Senac M. O., Jr, Landing B. H., Vachon L. A. Diagnostic aspects and syndromal associations of short trachea with bronchial intubation. Am J Dis Child. 1990; 144: 1369–71

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.