Advanced search
Publication Cover
Clinical Toxicology Volume 49, 2011 - Issue 1
Submit an article Journal homepage
227
Views
27
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Article

Formulation changes and time trends in outcome following paraquat ingestion in Sri Lanka

Martin F. WilksSwiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology, University of Basel, SwitzerlandCorrespondence[email protected]
,
John A. TomensonCausation Limited, Macclesfield, UK
,
Ravindra FernandoUniversity of Colombo and National Poisons Information Centre, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Sri Lanka
,
P.l. AriyanandaDepartment of Clinical Medicine, South Asian Clinical Toxicology Research Collaboration (SACTRC), University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
,
David J. BerryFaculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna, Sri Lanka
,
NICHOLAS A. BuckleySyngenta, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, United Kingdom
,
Indika Bandara GawarammanaUniversity of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
,
Shaluka JayamanneFaculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
,
David GunnellDepartment of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, UK
&
Andrew DawsonUniversity of Colombo and National Poisons Information Centre, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Sri Lanka
 show all
Pages 21-28 | Received 27 Sep 2010, Accepted 30 Nov 2010, Published online: 03 Feb 2011

References

  • Gunnell D, Eddleston M, Phillips MR, Konradsen F. The global distribution of fatal pesticide self-poisoning: systematic review. BMC Public Health 2007; 7:357.
  • Bertolote JM, Fleischmann A, Eddleston M, Gunnell D. Deaths from pesticide poisoning: a global response. Br J Psychiatry 2006; 189:201–203.
  • Eddleston M. Patterns and problems of deliberate self-poisoning in the developing world. Q J Med 2000; 93:715–731.
  • Eddleston M, Phillips MR. Self poisoning with pesticides. BMJ 2004;328:42–44.
  • Brown R, Clapp M, Dyson J, Scott Wheals, I, Wilks M. Paraquat in perspective. Outlooks Pest Mgmt 2004; 15:259–267.
  • IPCS International Programme on Chemical Safety. Environmental Health Criteria No. 39, Paraquat and Diquat. Geneva: World Health Organisation; 1984.
  • Bismuth C, Hall AH, eds. Paraquat Poisoning: Mechanisms, Prevention, Treatment. New York: Marcel Dekker Inc; 1995.
  • Lock EA, Wilks MF. Paraquat. Hayes' Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology. In: Krieger RI, ed. Chapter 82. 3rd ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier Inc; 20101767–1823.
  • Reigart JR, Roberts JR. Recognition and management of pesticide poisonings. Washington, DC: Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticide Programs; 1999108–117. http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/safety/healthcare/handbook/handbook.pdf . Accessed 19 August 2010.
  • Pronczuk de Garbino J. Epidemiology of paraquat poisoning. Paraquat Poisoning: Mechanisms, Prevention, TreatmentIn: Bismuth C, Hall AH, eds. New York: Marcel Dekker Inc; 1995:37–51.
  • Heylings JR, Farnworth MJ, Swain CM, Clapp MJ, Elliott BM. Identification of an alginate-based formulation of paraquat to reduce the exposure of the herbicide following oral ingestion. Toxicology 2007; 241:1–10.
  • Wilks MF, Fernando R, Ariyananda PL, Eddleston M, Berry DJ, Tomenson JA, Buckley NA, Jayamanne S, Gunnell D, Dawson A. Improvement in survival following paraquat ingestion after introduction of a new formulation in Sri Lanka. PLoS Med 2008; 5:e49.
  • Blake DK, Gallagher RT, Woollen BH. Improved methods for the analysis of paraquat in biological fluids. Chromatographia 2002; 55:S183–S185.
  • Altman DG. Practical Statistics for Medical Research. London: Chapman and Hall; 1991.
  • Eddleston M, Haggalla S, Reginald K, Sudarshan K, Senthilkumaran M, Karalliedde L, Ariaratnam A, Sheriff MH, Warrell DA, Buckley NA. The hazards of gastric lavage for intentional self-poisoning in a resource poor location. Clin Toxicol 2007; 45:136–143.
  • Fernando WKBKM, Zawahir MS, Ariyananda PL. (2008, December). A strategy that could bring down the high mortality rate that is seen with acute poisoning in Sri Lanka. Presentation at 7th International Congress of the Asia Pacific Association of Medical Toxicology, Chandigarh, India. http://www.asiatox.org/7th%20apamt%20pdf/A%20Strategy%20That%20Could%20Bring%20Down%20the%20High%20Mortality%20Rate%20That%20is%20Seen%20With%20Acute%20Poisoning%20in%20Sri%20Lanka.pdf . Accessed 30 November 2010.
  • Bateman N. New formulation of paraquat: a step forward but in the wrong direction? PLoS Med 2008; 5:e58.
  • Dawson A, Buckley N. Integrating approaches to paraquat poisoning. Ceylon Med J 2007; 52:45–47.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Order Reprints Request Corporate Permissions

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

Request Academic Permissions

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.

Related research

People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.

Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.

Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.