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Clinical Toxicology Volume 11, 1977 - Issue 5
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Research Article

Actions and Metabolism of Codeine (Methylmorphine) Administration by Continuous Intravenous Infusion to Humans

Norman Nomof Solano Institute for Medical and Pharmacologic Research, Vacaville, California, 95688
,
Henry W. Elliott Department of Medical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine University of California, Irvine, California, 92717
&
Kenneth D. Parker Hine Laboratories, San Francisco, California, 94120
Pages 517-529 | Published online: 25 Sep 2008

References

  • Adler T. K., Fujimoto J. M., Way E. L., Baker E. M. The metabolic fate of codeine in man. J. Pharmacol. Exptl. Therap. 1955; 114: 251
  • Brunson M. K., Nash J. F. Gas chromatographic measurement of codeine and norcodeine in human plasma. Clin. Chem. 1975; 21: 1956
  • Eddy N. B., Friebel H., Hahn K. J., Halbach H. Codeine and alternates for pain and cough relief. Bull. World Health Org. 1968; 38: 673
  • Elliott H. W., Nomof N., Parker K. D. Correlation of the nalorphine test with concentration of metabolites of codeine in the urine after single doses and continuous administration of codeine. Clin. Pharmacol. and Therap. 1967; 8: 78
  • Elliott H. W., Nomof N., Parker K. D. The use of naloxone in the pupil test for the detection of narcotic abuse. Proc. Fourth Nat. Conf. on Methadone Treatment. NAPAN, New York 1972; 135
  • Elliott H. W., Nomof N., Parker K. D., Dewey M. L., Way E. L. Comparison of the nalorphine test and urinary analysis in the detection of narcotic use. Clin. Pharmacol. and Therap. 1964; 5: 405
  • Elliott H. W., Parker K. D., Wright J. A., Nomof N. Actions and metabolism of heroin administered by continuous intravenous infusion to man. Clin. Pharmacol. and Therap. 1971; 12: 806
  • Martin W. R., Eades C. G. Demonstration of tolerance and physical dependence in the dog following a short-term infusion of morphine. J. Pharmacol. Exptl. Therap. 1961; 133: 262
  • Miller J. W., Elliott H. W. Rat tissue levels of carbon-14 labeled analgetics as related to pharmacological activity. J. Pharmacol. Exptl. Therap. 1955; 113: 283
  • Snyder S. H., Matthysse S. Opiate Receptor Mechanisms. The M. I. T. Press, Cambridge, Mass. 1975
  • Waife S. O., Gruber C. M., Jr., Rodda B. E., Nash J. F. Problems and solutions to single dose testing of analgesics: Comparison of propoxyphene, codeine and fenoproben. Intern. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 1975; 12: 301
  • Way E. L., Adler J. T. The biological disposition of morphine and its surrogates. Bull. World Health Org. 1962; 26: 51
  • Wright J. A., Baselt R. C., Hine C. H. Blood codeine concentrations in fatalities associated with codeine. Clin. Toxicol. 1975; 8: 457
  • Yeh S. Y., Woods L. A. Isolation and characterization of codeine-6-glucuronide from dog urine. J. Pharmacol. Exptl. Therap. 1970; 173: 21

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