164
Views
79
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

When Should Dialysis be Performed in Lithium Poisoning? A Kinetic Study in 14 Cases of Lithium Poisoning

, , , &
Pages 429-447 | Published online: 25 Sep 2008

References

  • Hansen H E, Amdisen A. Lithium intoxication. Q J Med 1978; 47: 123–144
  • Schou M. Pharmacology and toxicology of lithium. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 1976; 56: 231–243
  • Jaeger A. Lithium intoxication. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1986; 24: 265–268
  • Von Hartitzsch B, Hoenich N A, Leigh R J, et al. Permanent neurological sequelae despite hemodialysis for lithium intoxication. Br Med J 1972; 4: 757–759
  • Decina P, Schlegel A M, Fieve R R. Lithium poisoning. N Y State J Med 1987; 87: 230–231
  • Bazilinski N, Mathew J. Lithium intoxication. Int J Artif Organs 1986; 9: 5–6
  • Clendeninn N J, Pond S M, Kaysen G, et al. Potential pitfalls in evaluation of the usefulness of hemodialysis for the removal of lithium. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1982; 19: 341–352
  • Jaeger A, Sauder P, Kopferschmitt J, Dahlet M. Toxicokinetics in clinical toxicology. Acta Clin Belg 1990; 45(Suppl 13)1–12
  • Jacobsen D, Aasen G, Frederichsen P, Eisenga B. Lithium intoxication pharmacokinetics during and after terminated hemodialysis in acute intoxications. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1987; 25: 81–94
  • Amdisen A. Clinical features and management of lithium poisoning. Med Toxicol Adverse Drug Exp 1988; 3: 18–32
  • Dyson E H, Simpson D, Prescott L F, Proudfoot A T. Self-poisoning and therapeutic intoxication with lithium. Hum Toxicol 1987; 6: 325–329
  • Bismuth C, Baud F J, Buneaux F, duFretay X A. Spontaneous toxicokinetics of lithium during a therapeutic overdose with renal failure. J. Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1986; 24: 261–268
  • Jaeger A, Sauder P H, Kopferschmitt J, Jaegle M L. Toxicokinetics of lithium intoxication treated by hemodialysis. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1985; 23: 501–517
  • Thomsen K, Schou M. Treatment of lithium poisoning. Lithium Research and Therapy, F N Johnson. Academic Press Inc., Orlando, FL 1979; 227–236
  • Ellenhorn J M, Barceloux D G. Medical Toxicology, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Poisoning. Elsevier Ed., New York 1988
  • Mason R W, McQueen E G, Keary P J, James N M. Pharmacokinetics of lithium: elimination half-life, renal clearance and apparent volume of distribution in schizophrenia. Clin Pharmacokinet 1978; 3: 241–246
  • Thomsen K, Holstein-Rathlou N H, Leyssac P P. Comparison of three measures of proximal tubular reabsorption: lithium clearance, occlusion time and micropuncture. Am J Physiol 1981; 241: F348–355
  • Myers J B, Morgan T O, Carney S L, Ray C. Effects of lithium on the kidney. Kidney Int 1980; 18: 601–608
  • Simard M, Gumbiner B, Lee A, Lewis H, Norman D. Lithium carbonate intoxication. A case report and review of the literature. Arch Intern Med 1989; 149: 36–46
  • Juul-Jensen P, Schou M. Permanent brain damage after lithium carbonate. Br Med J 1973; 4: 673
  • El Mallakh R S. Acute lithium neurotoxicity. Psychiatr Dev 1986; 4: 311–328
  • Bismuth C, Baud F J, Godin M. Renal function in lithium treatment. Arch Toxicol 1988; 12: 179–185, Suppl
  • Hansen H E, Hestbech J, Sorensen J L, et al. Chronic interstitial nephropathy in patients on long-term lithium treatment. Q J Med 1979; 48: 577–591
  • Aurell M, Svalander C, Wallin L, Ailing C. Renal function and biopsy findings in patients on long-term lithium treatment. Kidney Int 1981; 20: 663–670
  • Schou Lithium M. Side Effects of Drugs Annual, M N Dukes. Elsevier Science, New York 1986; 10: 27–33
  • Gadallah M F, Feinstein E I, Massey S G. Lithium intoxication clinical course and therapeutic considerations. Miner Electrolyte Metab 1988; 14: 146–149
  • Strayhorn J M, Jr, Nash J L. Severe neurotoxicity despite ‘therapeutic’ serum lithium levels. Dis Nerv Syst 1977; 38: 107–111
  • Kondziela J R. Extreme lithium intoxication without severe symptoms. Hasp Community Psychiatry 1984; 34: 727–728
  • Horowitz L C, Fisher G U. Acute lithium toxicity. N Engl J Med 1969; 281: 136
  • Rosenberg J, Benowitz N L, Pond S. Pharmacokinetics of drug overdose. Clin Pharmacokinet 1981; 6: 161–192
  • Admisen Lithium A. Applied Pharmacokinetics, W E Evans, J J Schentag, W J Josko. Applied Therapeutics, San Francisco 1989; 708
  • Wraae O. The pharmacokinetics of lithium in the brain, cerebrospinal fluid, and serum of the rat. Br J Pharmacol 1978; 64: 273–279
  • Groth U, Prellwitz W, Jahnchen E. Estimation of pharmacokinetic parameters of lithium from saliva and urine. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1974; 16: 490–498
  • Goodnick P J, Fieve R R, Meltzer H L, Dunner D L. Lithium pharmacokinetics, duration of therapy and the adenylate cyclase system. Int Pharmacopsychiatry 1982; 17: 65–72
  • Hunter R. Steady-state pharmacokinetics of lithium carbonate in healthy subjects. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1988; 25: 375–380
  • Tunkel A R, D'Antonio J, Engel-Kominsky S, Browne B. Predicting the clinical course in intentional drug overdose. Arch Intern Med 1988; 148: 253
  • Talwalkar N C, Balakrishna N. Haemodialysis in lithium poisoning. J Assoc Physicians India 1986; 34: 597–599
  • Paholpak S. Severe lithium toxicity treated by hemodialysis: a case report. J Med Assoc Thai 1989; 72: 112–116
  • Rose S R, Klein-Schwartz W, Oderda G M, Gorman R L, Young W WH. Lithium intoxication with acute renal failure and death. Drug Intell Clin Pharm 1988; 22: 691–964

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.