References
- Weisman R, Naloxone S. Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies, 5th ed, L R Goldfrank, N E Flomenbaum, N A Lewin, R S Weisman, M A Howland, R S Hoffman. Appleton & Lange, Norwalk, CT 1994; 784–786
- Evans L E, Swainson C P, Roscoe P, Prescott L F. Treatment of drug overdosage with naloxone, a specific narcotic antagonist. Lancet 1973; 1: 452–455
- Berkowitz B A. The relationship of pharmacokinetics to pharmacologic activity: Morphine, methadone and naloxone. Clin Pharmacokinet 1976; 1: 219–230
- Evans J M, Hogg M I, Lunn J N, Rosen M. Degree and duration of reversal by naloxone of effects of morphine in conscious subjects. Br Med J 1974; 2: 589–591
- Ford M, Hoffman R S, Goldfrank L R. Opioids and designer drugs. Emerg Med Clin North Am 1990; 8: 495–511
- Chamberlain J M, Klein B L. A comprehensive review of naloxone for the emergency physician. Am J Emerg Med 1994; 12: 650–660
- Hoffman R S, Goldfrank L R. The poisoned patient with altered consciousness. Controversies in the use of a ‘coma cocktail’. JAMA 1995; 274: 562–569
- Buchner L H, Cimino J A, Raybin H W, Stewart B. Naloxone reversal of methadone poisoning. N Y State J Med 1972; 72: 2305–2309
- Smith D A, Leake L, Loflin J R, Yealy D M. Is admission after intravenous heroin overdose necessary?. Ann Emerg Med 1992; 21: 1326–1330
- Osterwalder J J. Naloxone for intoxications with intravenous heroin and heroin mixtures—harmless or hazardous? A prospective clinical study. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1996; 34: 409–416
- Hoffman J R, Schriger D L, Luo J S. The empiric use of naloxone in patients with altered mental status: A reappraisal. Ann Emerg Med 1991; 20: 246–252
- Yealy D M, Paris P M, Kaplan R M, Heller M B, Marini S E. The safety of prehospital naloxone administration by paramedics. Ann Emerg Med 1990; 19: 902–905
- Data from the Drug Abuse Warning Network, Annual Emergency Room Data. Series I, Number 12-A. US Department of Health and Human Services publication no (SMA) 94–2080. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. 1992
- Litovitz T L, Felberg L, White S, Klein-Schwartz W. 1995 Annual report of the America Association of Poison Control Centers Toxic Exposure Surveillance System. Am J Emerg Med 1996; 14: 487–537
- Watson W A, Stratton N A, Salomone J A, III. E-codes from emergency department records. Acad Emerg Med 1995; 2: 569–570
- Gilbert E H, Lowenstein S R, Koziol-McLain J, Barta D C, Steiner J. Chart reviews in emergency medicine research: Where are the methods?. Ann Emerg Med 1996; 27: 305–308
- Milholland A V, Wheeler S G, Heieck J J. Medical assessment by a Delphi group opinion technique. N Engl J Med 1973; 288: 1272–1275
- Hendra T J, Gerrish S P, Forrest A R. Fatal methadone overdose. BMJ 1996; 313: 481–482
- Gourlay G K, Coulthard K. The role of naloxone infusions in the treatment of overdoses of long half-life narcotic agonists: Application to normethadone. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1983; 15: 269–271
- Gober A E, Kearns G L, Yokel R A, Danziger L. Repeated naloxone administration for morphine overdose in a 1-month-old infant. Pediatrics 1979; 63: 606–608
- Romac D R. Safety of prolonged, high-dose infusion of naloxone hydrochloride for severe methadone overdose. Clin Pharm 1986; 5: 251–254
- Longnecker D E, Grazis P A, Eggers G W, Jr. Naloxone for antagonism of morphine-induced respiratory depression. Anesth Analg 1973; 52: 447–453
- Glass P S, Jhaveri R M, Smith L R. Comparison of potency and duration of action of nalmefene and naloxone. Anesth Analg 1994; 78: 536–541