101
Views
4
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Articles

Conjunctival microbial florae in patients with seriously sulfur mustard induced eye injuries

, , , , , & show all
Pages 13-17 | Received 18 Apr 2012, Accepted 05 May 2012, Published online: 06 Jun 2012

References

  • Balali-Mood M, Hefazi M, Mahmoudi M, Jalali E, Attaran D, Maleki M et al. Long-term complications of sulphur mustard poisoning in severely intoxicated Iranian veterans. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2005;19:713–721.
  • Ghasemi H, Ghazanfari T, Yaraee R, Ghassemi-Broumand M, Soroush MR, Pourfarzam S et al. Evaluation of relationship between the serum levels of inflammatory mediators and ocular injuries induced by sulfur mustard: Sardasht-Iran Cohort Study. Int Immunopharmacol 2009;9:1494–1498.
  • Etezad-Razavi M, Mahmoudi M, Hefazi M, Balali-Mood M. Delayed ocular complications of mustard gas poisoning and the relationship with respiratory and cutaneous complications. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol 2006;34:342–346.
  • Khateri S, Ghanei M, Keshavarz S, Soroush M, Haines D. Incidence of lung, eye, and skin lesions as late complications in 34,000 Iranians with wartime exposure to mustard agent. J Occup Environ Med 2003;45:1136–1143.
  • Ghasemi H, Ghazanfari T, Babaei M, Soroush MR, Yaraee R, Ghassemi-Broumand M et al. Long-term ocular complications of sulfur mustard in the civilian victims of Sardasht, Iran. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2008;27:317–326.
  • Namazi S, Niknahad H, Razmkhah H. Long-term complications of sulphur mustard poisoning in intoxicated Iranian veterans. J Med Toxicol 2009;5:191–195.
  • Sidell FR. (1988). Medical aspects of nerve agent exposure. Heidelberg, Germany: Medical Bulletin of U.S. Army, Medical Department, 7th Arm Medical Command, 3–8.
  • Bullman T, Kang H. A fifty year mortality follow-up study of veterans exposed to low level chemical warfare agent, mustard gGas. Ann Epidemiol 2000;10:333–338.
  • Amir A, Turetz J, Chapman S, Fishbeine E, Meshulam J, Sahar R et al. Beneficial effects of topical anti-inflammatory drugs against sulfur mustard-induced ocular lesions in rabbits. J Appl Toxicol 2000;20 Suppl 1:S109–S114.
  • Kadar T, Turetz J, Fishbine E, Sahar R, Chapman S, Amir A. Characterization of acute and delayed ocular lesions induced by sulfur mustard in rabbits. Curr Eye Res 2001;22:42–53.
  • Pleyer U, Baatz H. Antibacterial protection of the ocular surface. Ophthalmologica 1997;211 Suppl 1:2–8.
  • Solberg Y, Alcalay M, Belkin M. Ocular injury by mustard gas. Surv Ophthalmol 1997;41:461–466.
  • Baudouin C. [A new approach for better comprehension of diseases of the ocular surface]. J Fr Ophtalmol 2007;30:239–246.
  • Bilen H, Ates O, Astam N, Uslu H, Akcay G, Baykal O. Conjunctival flora in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus. Adv Ther 2007;24:1028–1035.
  • Gerkowicz M, Gruszecka-Gerkowicz R, Kosior-Jarecka E, Pietras-Trzpiel M. [Changes in bacterial flora of conjunctival sac in patients prophylacticaly treated with antibiotic before cataract operation]. Klin Oczna 2005;107:675–680.
  • Miño de Kaspar H, Koss MJ, He L, Blumenkranz MS, Ta CN. Antibiotic susceptibility of preoperative normal conjunctival bacteria. Am J Ophthalmol 2005;139:730–733.
  • Ghasemi H, Ghazanfari T, Ghassemi-Broumand M, Javadi MA, Babaei M, Soroush MR et al. Long-term ocular consequences of sulfur mustard in seriously eye-injured war veterans. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2009;28:71–77.
  • Ghassemi-Broumand M, Aslani J, Emadi SN. Delayed ocular, pulmonary, and cutaneous complications of mustards in patients in the city of Sardasht, Iran. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2008;27:295–305.
  • Karimian F, Zarei-Ghanavati S, A BR, Jadidi K, Lotfi-Kian A. Microbiological evaluation of chronic blepharitis among Iranian veterans exposed to mustard gas: A case-controlled study. Cornea 2011;30:620–623.
  • Garreis F, Gottschalt M, Paulsen FP. Antimicrobial peptides as a major part of the innate immune defense at the ocular surface. Dev Ophthalmol 2010;45:16–22.
  • Fernández-Rubio ME, Rebolledo-Lara L, Martinez-García M, Alarcón-Tomás M, Cortés-Valdés C. The conjunctival bacterial pattern of diabetics undergoing cataract surgery. Eye (Lond) 2010;24:825–834.
  • Grasbon T, Miño de Kaspar H, Klauss V. [Coagulase-negative staphylococci in normal and chronically inflamed conjunctiva]. Ophthalmologe 1995;92:793–801.
  • Gündüz A, Gündüz A, Cumurcu T, Seyrek A. Conjunctival flora in Behçet patients. Can J Ophthalmol 2008;43:476–479.
  • Gündüz A, Gündüz A, Cumurcu T, Doganay V, Seyrek A. The conjunctival flora in vernal conjunctivitis patients. Ann Ophthalmol (Skokie) 2009;41:98–101.
  • Arantes TE, Cavalcanti RF, Diniz Mde F, Severo MS, Lins Neto J, Castro CM. Conjunctival bacterial flora and antibiotic resistance pattern in patients undergoing cataract surgery. Arq Bras Oftalmol 2006;69:33–36.
  • Aslan O, Teberik K, Yucel M, Gur N, Karakoc AE. Effect of topical netilmicin on the reduction of bacterial flora on the human conjunctiva. Eur J Ophthalmol 2008;18:512–516.
  • Capriotti JA, Pelletier JS, Shah M, Caivano DM, Ritterband DC. Normal ocular flora in healthy eyes from a rural population in Sierra Leone. Int Ophthalmol 2009;29:81–84.
  • Chisari G, Cavallaro G, Reibaldi M, Biondi S. Presurgical antimicrobial prophylaxis: Effect on ocular flora in healthy patients. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 2004;42:35–38.
  • Chung JL, Seo KY, Yong DE, Mah FS, Kim TI, Kim EK et al. Antibiotic susceptibility of conjunctival bacterial isolates from refractive surgery patients. Ophthalmology 2009;116:1067–1074.
  • Olson R, Donnenfeld E, Bucci FA Jr, Price FW Jr, Raizman M, Solomon K et al. Methicillin resistance of Staphylococcus species among health care and nonhealth care workers undergoing cataract surgery. Clin Ophthalmol 2010;4:1505–1514.
  • Park SH, Lim JA, Choi JS, Kim KA, Joo CK. The resistance patterns of normal ocular bacterial flora to 4 fluoroquinolone antibiotics. Cornea 2009;28:68–72.
  • Yamada M, Hatou S, Yoshida J. In vitro susceptibilities of bacterial isolates from conjunctival flora to gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, tosufloxacin, and moxifloxacin. Eye Contact Lens 2008;34:109–112.
  • Fahmy JA, Moller S, Bentzon MW. Bacterial flora in relation to cataract extraction. I. Material, methods and preoperative flora. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh) 1975;53:458–475.
  • Moeller CT, Branco BC, Yu MC, Farah ME, Santos MA, Höfling-Lima AL. Evaluation of normal ocular bacterial flora with two different culture media. Can J Ophthalmol 2005;40:448–453.
  • Ghasemi H, Ghazanfari T, Soroush M, Yaraee R, Pourfarzam S, Ghassemi-Broumand M et al. Systemic and ocular complications of sulfur Mustard: A panoramic review. Toxin Rev 2009;28:14–23.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.