References
- Shearer MJ. Vitamin K and vitamin K-dependent proteins. Br J Haematol 1990;75:156–162
- Price PA. Role of vitamin K-dependent proteins in bone metabolism. Annu Rev Nutr 1988;8:565–583
- Sherman S, Hall BD. Warfarin and fetal abnormality. Lancet 1976;1:692
- Fiore CE, Tamburino C, Foti R, Grimaldi D. Reduced axial bone mineral content in patients taking an oral anticoagulant. South Med J 1990;83:538–542
- Resch H, Pietschmann P, Krexner E, Willvonseder R. Decreased peripheral bone mineral content in patients under anticoagulant therapy with phenprocoumon. Eur Heart J 1991;12:439–441
- Manfioletti G, Brancolini C, Avanzi G, Schneider C. The protein encoded by a growth arrest-specific gene (gas 6) is a new member of the vitamin K-dependent proteins related to protein S a negative coregulator in the blood coagulation cascade. Mol Cell Biol 1993;13:4975–4985
- Hafizi S, Dahlbäck B. Gas 6 and protein S. Vitamin K-dependent ligands for the Axl receptor tyrosine kinase subfamily. FEBS J 2006;273:5231–5244
- Kulman JD, Harris JE, Haldeman BA, Davie EW. Identification of two novel transmembrane gamma carboxyglutamic acid proteins expressed broadly in fetal and adult tissues. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2001;98:1370–1375
- World Health Organization. Environmental Health Criteria, No. 175. Anticoagulant rodenticides. Geneva: WHO; 1995:1–121
- Dipalma JR. Human toxicity from rat poisons. Am Fam Phys 1981;24:186–189
- Martin-Bouyer G, Khanh NB, Linh PH. Epidemic in hemorrhagic disease in Vietnamese infants caused by warfarin-contaminated talcs. Lancet 1987;1:230–232
- Abell TL, Merigian KS, Lee JM, et al. Cutaneous exposure to warfarin-like anticoagulant causing an intracerebral hemorrhage: a case report. Clin Toxicol 1994;32:69–73
- Farrer A, Cabral R. Recent epidemics of poisoning by pesticides. Toxicol Lett 1995;82–83:55–63
- Spiller HA, Gallenstein GL, Murphy MJ. Dermal absorption of a liquid diphacinone rodenticide causing coagulopathy. Vet Hum Toxicol 2003;45:313–314
- Beckley-Kartey SA, Hotchkiss SA, Capel M. Comparative in vitro skin absorption and metabolism of coumarin (1,2-benzopyrone) in human, rat and mouse. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1997;145:34–42
- Kataranovski M, Prokić V, Kataranovski D, et al. Dermatotoxicity of epicutaneously applied anticoagulant warfarin. Toxicol 2005;212:206–218
- Kataranovski M, Kataranovski D, Zolotarevski L, Jović M. Epicutaneous exposure to anticoagulant rodenticide warfarin modulates local skin activity in rats. Cut Ocul Toxicol 2007;26:1–13
- Popov A, Mirkov I, Zolotarevski L, et al. Local proinflammatory effects of repeated skin exposure to warfarin, an anticoagulant rodenticide in rats. Biomed Environ Sci 2011;24:180–189
- Popov A, Mirkov I, Vasilijic S, et al. Impact of the magnitude of sensitization dose on the incidence and intensity of CHS to dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB): Insight from ear swelling and challenged-skin draining lymph node response in rats. J Immunotoxicol 2013;10:17–24
- Klein MB, Shaw D, Barese S, et al. A reliable and cost-effective in vitro assay of skin viability for skin banks and burn centers. J Burn Care Rehab 1996;17:565–570
- Little MC, Gawkrodger DJ, MacNeil S. Chromium- and nickel-induced cytotoxicity in normal and transformed human keratinocytes: an investigation of pharmacological approaches to the prevention of Cr(VI)-induced cytotoxicity. Br J Dermatol 1996;134:199–207
- Berridge MV, Tan AS. Characterisation of the cellular reduction of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT): subcellular localization, substrate dependance, and involvement of mitochondrial electron transport in MTT reduction. Arch Biochem Biophys 1993;303:474–482
- Jabbar SAB, Twentyman PR, Watson JV. The MTT assay underestimates the growth inhibitory effects of interferons. Br J Cancer 1989;60:523–528
- Lisby S, Hauser C. Transcriptional regulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in keratinocytes mediated by interleukin-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Exp Dermatol 2002;11:592–598
- Nestle FO, Di Meglio P, Qin J-Z, Nickoloff BJ. Skin immune sentinels in health and disease. Nat Rev Immunol 2009;9:679–691
- Bashir M, Sharma M, Werth V. TNF-alpha production in the skin. Arch Dermatol Res 2009;301:87–91
- Ranta V, Orpana A, Carpen O, et al. Human vascular endothelial cells produce tumor necrosis factor-alpha in response to proinflammatory cytokine stimulation. Crit Care Med 1999;27:2184–2187
- Suto H, Nakae S, Kakurai M, et al. Mast cell-associated TNF promotes dendritic cell migration. J Immunol 2006;176:4102–4112
- Albanesi C, Cavani A, Girolomoni G. IL-17 is produced by nickel-specific T lymphocytes and regulates ICAM-1 expression and chemokine production in human keratinocytes: synergistic or antagonist effects with IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha. J Immunol 1999;162:1494–1502
- Nakae S, Komiyama Y, Nambu A, et al. Antigen-specific T cell sensitization is impaired in IL-17-deficient mice, causing suppression of allergic cellular and humoral responses. Immunity 2002;17:375–387
- Cua D, Tato C. Innate IL-17 producing cells: the sentinels of the immune system. Nat Rev Immunol 2010;10:479–489
- Cai Y, Shen X, Ding C, et al. Pivotal role of dermal IL-17-producing δ T cells in skin inflammation. Immunity 2011;35:596–610
- Luster MI, Wilmer JI, Germolec DR, et al. Role of keratinocyte-derived cytokines in chemical toxicity. Toxicol Lett 1995;82–83:471–476
- Arroyo C, Schafer R, Kurt E, et al. Response of normal human keratinocytes to sulfur mustard: cytokine release. J Appl Toxicol 2000;20:63–72
- Newby C, Barr R, Greaves M, Mallet A. Cytokine release and cytotoxicity in human keratinocytes and fibroblasts induced by phenols and sodium dodecil sulfate. J Invest Dermatol 2000;115:292–298
- Rock KL, Latz E, Ontiveros F, Kono H. The sterile inflammatory response. Annu Rev Immunol 2010;28:321–342
- Williams IR, Kuper TS. Immunity at the surface: homeostatic mechanisms of the skin immune system. Life Sci 1996;58:1485–1507
- Corsini E, Galli CL. Epidermal cytokines in experimental contact dermatitis. Toxicology 2000;142:203–211
- Kater A, Peppelenbosch M, Brandjes D, Lumbantobing M. Dichotomal effect of the coumadin derivative warfarin on inflammatory signal transduction. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2002;9:1396–1397
- Popov A, Belij S, Subota V, et al. Oral warfarin affects peripheral blood leukocyte IL-6 and TNF-α production in rats. J Immunotoxicol 2013;10:17–24
- Lange R, Hayden P, Chignell C, Luster M. Anthralin stimulates keratinocyte-derived proinflammatory cytokines via generation of reactive oxygen species. Inflamm Res 1998;47:174–81