An industry perspective on the use of “atoxigenic” strains of Aspergillus flavus as biological control agents and the significance of cyclopiazonic acid

References

• Abbas HK, Accinelli C, Zablotowicz RM, Abel CA, Bruns HA, Dong Y, Shier WT. (2008). Dynamics of mycotoxin and Aspergillus flavus levels in aging Bt and non-Bt corn residues under Mississippi no-till conditions. J Agric Food Chem, 56, 7578–7585.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abbas HK, Zablotowicz RM, Horn BW, Phillips NA, Johnson BJ, Jin X, Abel CA. (2011). Comparison of major biocontrol strains of non-aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus for the reduction of aflatoxins and cyclopiazonic acid in maize. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess, 28, 198–208.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antilla L, Cotty PJ. (2002). The ARS-ACRPC partnership to control aflatoxin in Arizona cotton: current status. Mycopathologia, 155, 64.
   Google Scholar
• Balachandran C, Parthasarathy KR. (1996a). Influence of dietary rice culture material containing cyclopiazonic acid on certain serum biochemical parameters of broiler chickens. Mycopathologia, 132, 161–166.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balachandran C, Parthasarathy KR. (1996b). Occurrence of cyclopiazonic acid in feeds and feedstuffs in Tamil Nadu, India. Mycopathologia, 133, 159–162.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bennett GA, Bothast RJ, Vancauwenberge JE, Richard JL. (1992). Fate of Fumonisin B(1) in Naturally Contaminated Corn during Ethanol Fermentation. Appl Environ Microbiol, 58, 233–236.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bennett GA, and Richard JL. (1996). Influence of processing on Fusarium mycotoxins in contaminated grains. Food Technol, 50, 235–238.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhide NK. (1962). Pharmacological study and fractionation of Paspalum scrobiculatum extract. Br J Pharmacol Chemother, 18, 7–18.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradburn N, Coker RD, Blunden G. (1994). The aetiology of turkey “X” disease. Phytochemistry, 35, 817.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brendemuhl J, Myer B. (2009). Types of swine diets. AS44, Animal Science Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Available at: http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/AN/AN03600.pdf Accessed on 11 April 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Burdock GA, Flamm WG. (2000). Review Article: Safety assessment of the mycotoxin cyclopiazonic acid. Int J Toxicol, 19, 195–218.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Byrem TM, Pestka JJ, Chu FS, Strasburg GM. (1999). Analysis and pharmacokinetics of cyclopiazonic acid in market weight pigs. J Anim Sci, 77, 173–179.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carr J. (1998). Garth pig stockmanship standards. Available at: http://www.thepigsite.corn/stockstds/18/daily-feed-intake Accessed on 28 Feb 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Chang PK, Horn BW, Dorner JW. (2005). Sequence breakpoints in the aflatoxin biosynthesis gene cluster and flanking regions in nonaflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus isolates. Fungal Genet Biol, 42, 914–923.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang P-K, Ehrlich KC, Fujii I. (2009a). Cyclopiazonic acid biosynthesis of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus oryzae. Toxins, 1, 74–99.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang PK, Horn BW, Dorner JW. (2009b). Clustered genes involved in cyclopiazonic acid production are next to the aflatoxin biosynthesis gene cluster in Aspergillus flavus. Fungal Genet Biol, 46, 176–182.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cole RJ. (1986). Etiology of turkey “X” disease in retrospect: A case for the involvement of cyclopiazonic acid. Mycotoxin Res, 2, 3–7.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cotty PJ. (1990). Effect of atoxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus on aflatoxin contamination of developing cottonseed. Plant Dis, 74, 233–235.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cotty PJ, Bayman P. (1993). Competitive exclusion of a toxigenic strain of Aspergillus flavus by an atoxigenic strain. Phytopathology, 83, 1283–1287.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cotty PJ, Mellon JE. (2006). Biocompetitive exclusion of toxigenic fungi. In: Barug D, Bhatnagar D, van Egmond HP, van der Kamp JW, van Osenbruggen WA, Visconti A, eds. The Mycotoxin Factbook food and feed topics. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers, pp. 179–197.
   Google Scholar
• Da Motta S, Soares LMV. (2001). Survey of Brazilian tomato products for alternariol, alternariol monomethyl ether, tenuazonic acid and cyclopiazonic acid. Food Additives and Contaminants, 18, 630–634.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Waal EJ. (2002). Letter to the Editor—Safety assessment of cyclopiazonic acid. International Journal of Toxicology, 21, 425–427.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diaz GJ, Thompson W, Martos PA. (2010). Stability of cyclopiazonic acid in solution. World Mycotoxin J, 3, 25–33.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dorner JW, Cole RJ, Lomax LG, Gosser HS, Diener UL. (1983). Cyclopiazonic acid production by Aspergillus flavus and its effects on broiler chickens. Appl Environ Microbiol, 46, 698–703.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dorner JW, Cole RJ, Blankenship PD. (1992). Use of a biocompetitive agent to control preharvest aflatoxin in drought-stressed peanuts. J Food Prot, 55, 888–892.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dorner JW, Cole RJ, Erlington DJ, Suksupath S, McDowell GH, Bryden WL. (1994). Cyclopiazonic acid residues in milk and eggs. J Agric Food Chem, 42, 1516–1518.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dorner JW, Cole RJ, Wicklow DT. (1999). Aflatoxin reduction in corn through field application of competitive fungi. J Food Prot, 62, 650–656.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dorner JW, Horn BW, Cole RJ. (2000). Non-toxigenic strain of Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus sojae for biocontrol of toxigenic fungi. Available at: http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-adv.htm&r=1&p=1&f=G&l=50&d=PTXT&S1=6027724.PN.&OS=PN/6027724&RS=PN/602772 Accessed on April 11, 2011 US Patent No 6,027,724
   Google Scholar
• Dorner JW. (2004a). Biological control of aflatoxin contamination of crops. J Toxicol-Toxin Rev, 23, 425–450.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dorner JW. (2004b). Combined effects of biological control formulations, cultivars, and fungicides on preharvest colonization and aflatoxin contamination of peanuts by Aspergillus species. Peanut Sci, 31, 79–86.
   Google Scholar
• Dunham JR, Call EP. (1989). Feeding dairy cows. Kansas State University Cooperative Extension Service Publication MF754. Available at: http://www.ksre.ksu.edu/library/lvstk2/mf754.pdf Accessed online on 11 April 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Ehrlich KC, Cotty PJ. (2004). An isolate of Aspergillus flavus used to reduce aflatoxin contamination in cottonseed has a defective polyketide synthase gene. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 65, 473–478.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ehrlich KC, Yu J, Cotty PJ. (2005). Aflatoxin biosynthesis gene clusters and flanking regions. J Appl Microbiol, 99, 518–527.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FDA. (2010). Melamine Pet Food Recall of 2007. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/AnimalVeterinary/SafetyHealth/RecallsWithdrawals/ucm129575.htm Accessed online on 11 April 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Firman JD. (1993). Nutrient requirements of chickens and turkeys. University of Missouri Extension Publication G8352. Available at: http://extension.missouri.edu/publications/DisplayPub.aspx?P=G8352 Accessed online on 11 April 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Gallagher RT, Richard JL, Stahr HM, Cole RJ. (1978). Cyclopiazonic acid production by aflatoxigenic and non-aflatoxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus. Mycopathologia, 66, 31–36.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gentles A, Smith EE, Kubena LF, Duffus E, Johnson P, Thompson J, Harvey RB, Edrington TS. (1999). Toxicological evaluations of cyclopiazonic acid and ochratoxin A in broilers. Poult Sci, 78, 1380–1384.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Georgianna DR, Fedorova ND, Burroughs JL, Dolezal AL, Bok JW, Horowitz-Brown S, Woloshuk CP, Yu J, Keller NP, Payne GA. (2010). Beyond aflatoxin: four distinct expression patterns and functional roles associated with Aspergillus flavus secondary metabolism gene clusters. Mol Plant Pathol, 11, 213–226.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holzapfel CW. (1968). The isolation and structure of cyclopiazonic acid, a toxic metabolite of Penicillium cyclopium Westling. Tetrahedron, 24, 2101–2119.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horn BW, Dorner JW. (1999). Regional differences in production of aflatoxin B1 and cyclopiazonic acid by soil isolates of aspergillus flavus along a transect within the United States. Appl Environ Microbiol, 65, 1444–1449.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamalavenkatesh P, Vairamuthu S, Balachandran C, Manohar BM, raj GD. (2005). Immunopathological effect of the mycotoxins cyclopiazonic acid and T-2 toxin on broiler chicken. Mycopathologia, 159, 273–279.
   Google Scholar
• Kubena LF, Smith EE, Gentles A, Harvey RB, Edrington TS, Phillips TD, Rottinghaus GE. (1994). Individual and combined toxicity of T-2 toxin and cyclopiazonic acid in broiler chicks. Poult Sci, 73, 1390–1397.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar R, Balachandran C. (2009). Histopathological changes in broiler chickens fed aflatoxin and cyclopiazonic acid. Vet Arhiv, 79, 31–40.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lalman DL, Sewell HB. (1993). Rations for growing and finishing beef cattle. University of Missouri Extension Publication G2066. Available at: http://extension.missouri.edu/publications/DisplayPub.aspx?P=G2066 Accessed online on 11 April 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Lansden JA, Davidson JI. (1983). Occurrence of cyclopiazonic acid in peanuts. Appl Environ Microbiol, 45, 766–769.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee YJ, Hagler WM. (1991). Aflatoxin and cyclopiazonic acid production by Aspergillus flavus isolated from contaminated maize. J Food Sci, 56, 871–872.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lomax LG, Cole RJ, Dorner JW. (1984). The toxicity of cyclopiazonic acid in weaned pigs. Vet Pathol, 21, 418–424.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luk KC, Kobbe B, Townsend JM. (1977). Production of cyclopiazonic acid by Aspergillus flavus Link. Appl Environ Microbiol, 33, 211–212.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malekinejad H, Akbari P, Allymehr M, Hobbenaghi R, Rezaie A. (2010). Cyclopiazonic acid augments the hepatic and renal oxidative stress in broiler chicks. Hum Exp Toxicol, 000(00), 1–10.
   Google Scholar
• Mansfield MA, Jones AD, Kuldau GA. (2008). Contamination of fresh and ensiled maize by multiple penicillium mycotoxins. Phytopathology, 98, 330–336.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moldes-Anaya AS, Asp TN, Eriksen GS, Skaar I, Rundberget T. (2009). Determination of cyclopiazonic acid in food and feeds by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A, 1216, 3812–3818.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morrissey RE, Norred WP, Cole RJ, Dorner J. (1985). Toxicity of the mycotoxin, cyclopiazonic acid, to Sprague-Dawley rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 77, 94–107.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murthy GS, Townsend DE, Meerdink GL, Bargren GL, Tumbleson ME, Singh V. (2005). Effect of aflatoxin B1 on the drygrind ethanol process. Cereal Chem, 82, 302–304.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nishie K, Cole RJ, Dorner JW. (1987). Toxic effects of cyclopiazonic acid in the early phase of pregnancy in mice. Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol, 55, 303–315.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Norred WP, Morrissey RE, Riley RT, Cole RJ, Dorner JW. (1985). Distribution, excretion and skeletal muscle effects of the mycotoxin [14C]cyclopiazonic acid in rats. Food Chem Toxicol, 23, 1069–1076.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norred WP, Porter JK, Dorner JW, Cole RJ. (1988). Occurrence of the mycotoxin cyclopiazonic acid in meat after oral administration to chickens. J Agric Food Chem, 36, 113–116.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nuehring LP, Rowland GN, Harrison LR, Cole RJ, Dorner JW. (1985). Cyclopiazonic acid mycotoxicosis in the dog. Am J Vet Res, 46, 1670–1676.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nyak NC, Misra DB. (1962). Cattle poisoning by Paspalum scrobiculatum (kodua poisoning). Ind Vet J, 39, 501–504.
   Google Scholar
• Oliveira CA, Rosmaninho J, Rosim R. (2006). Aflatoxin M1 and cyclopiazonic acid in fluid milk traded in São Paulo, Brazil. Food Addit Contam, 23, 196–201.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prasongsidh BC, Kailasapathy K, Skurraya GR, Bryden WL. (1997). Stability of cyclopiazonic acid during storage and processing of milk. Food Research International, 30, 793–798.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prasongsidh BC, Kailasapathy K, Skurraya GR, Bryden WL. (1998). Kinetic study of cyclopiazonic acid during the heat-processing of milk. Food Chemistry, 62, 461–472.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Purchase IF. (1971). The acute toxicity of the mycotoxin cyclopiazonic acid to rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 18, 114–123.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rao BL, Husain A. (1985). Presence of cyclopiazonic acid in kodo millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum) causing ‘kodua poisoning’ in man and its production by associated fungi. Mycopathologia, 89, 177–180.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richard, JL. (2008). Discovery of aflatoxins and significant historical features. Toxin Reviews, 27, 171–201.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siemens MG, Schaefer DM, Vatthauer RJ. (1999). Rations for beef cattle. University of Wisconsin-Extension Publication A2387. Available at: http://learningstore.uwex.edu/assets/pdfs/A2387.PDF Accessed online on 11 April 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Stoltz DR, Widiastuti R, Maryam R, Tri Akoso B, Amang D, Unruh D. (1988). Suspected cyclopiazonic acid mycotoxicosis of quail in Indonesia. Toxicon, 26, 39–40.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Urano T, Trucksess MW, Beaver RW, Wilson DM, Dorner JW, Dowell FE. (1992). Co-occurrence of cyclopiazonic acid and aflatoxins in corn and peanuts. J Assoc Off Anal Chem, 75, 838.
   Google Scholar
• Venkatesh PK, Vairamuthu S, Balachandran C, Manohar BM, Raj GD. (2005). Induction of apoptosis by fungal culture materials containing cyclopiazonic acid and T-2 toxin in primary lymphoid organs of broiler chickens. Mycopathologia, 159, 393–400.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitaker TB. (2006). Sampling foods for mycotoxins. Food Addit Contam, 23, 50–61.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Widiastuti R, Maryam R, Blaney BJ, Salfina, Stoltz DR. (1988). Cyclopiazonic acid in combination with aflatoxins, zearalenone and ochratoxin A in Indonesian corn. Mycopathologia, 104, 153–156.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu J, Chang PK, Ehrlich KC, Cary JW, Bhatnagar D, Cleveland TE, Payne GA, Linz JE, Woloshuk CP, Bennett JW. (2004). Clustered pathway genes in aflatoxin biosynthesis. Appl Environ Microbiol, 70, 1253–1262.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar