Turner syndrome and schizophrenia: A further hint for the role of the X-chromosome in the pathogenesis of schizophrenic disorders

References

• Aleman A, Kahn RS, Selten JP. Sex differences in the risk of schizophrenia: evidence from meta-analysis. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2003; 60: 565–571
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bender BG, Linden MG, Harmon RJ. Neuropsychological and functional cognitive skills of 35 unselected adults with sex chromosome abnormalities. Am J Med Genet 2001; 102: 309–313
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Boman UW, Moller A, Albertsson-Wikland K. Psychological aspects of Turner syndrome. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 1998; 19: 1–18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boone KB, Swerdloff RS, Miller BL, et al. Neuropsychological profiles of adults with Klinefelter syndrome. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2001; 7: 446–456
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown CJ, Ballabio A, Rupert JL, et al. A gene from the region of the human X inactivation centre is expressed exclusively from the inactive X chromosome. Nature 1991; 349: 38–44
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davies K. Human genetics. The essence of inactivity. Nature 1991; 349: 15–16
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• DeLisi LE, Friedrich U, Wahlstrom J, et al. Schizophrenia and sex chromosome anomalies. Schizophr Bull 1994; 20: 495–505
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeLisi LE, Smith AB, Razi K, et al. Investigation of a candidate gene for schizophrenia on Xq13 previously associated with mental retardation and hypothyroidism. Am J Med Genet 2000; 96: 398–403
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• DeLisi LE, Maurizio AM, Svetina C, et al. Klinefelter's syndrome (XXY) as a genetic model for psychotic disorders. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2005; 135: 15–23
   Google Scholar
• Fales CL, Knowlton BJ, Holyoak KJ, Geschwind DH, Swerdloff RS, Gonzalo IG. Working memory and relational reasoning in Klinefelter syndrome. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2003; 9: 839–846
   Google Scholar
• Fishbain DA. Chronic psychoses in Turner's syndrome. Br J Psychiatry 1990; 156: 745–746
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hung CC, Yeh JI, Fang JS, Chen CH. No association of a dodecamer duplication in the human opposite paired (HOPA) gene with mental retardation and schizophrenia in Chinese patients from Taiwan. Psychiatry Res 2003; 119: 163–166
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ito M, Yuan CX, Malik S, et al. Identity between TRAP and SMCC complexes indicates novel pathways for the function of nuclear receptors and diverse mammalian activators. Mol Cell 1999; 3: 361–370
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Itti E, Gaw Gonzalo IT, Boone KB, et al. Functional neuroimaging provides evidence of anomalous cerebral laterality in adults with Klinefelter's syndrome. Ann Neurol 2003; 54: 669–673
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• James RS, Sharp AJ, Cockwell AE, Coppin B, Jacobs PA. Evidence for a cryptic 46,XX cell line in a 45,X/46,X,psu idic(Xq) patient with normal reproduction. J Med Genet 1997; 34: 1030–1032
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lopes da Silva S, Burbach JP. The nuclear hormone-receptor family in the brain: classics and orphans. Trends Neurosci 1995; 18: 542–548
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Murphy DG, DeCarli C, Daly E, et al. X-chromosome effects on female brain: a magnetic resonance imaging study of Turner's syndrome. Lancet 1993; 342: 1197–1200
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naar AM, Beaurang PA, Zhou S, Abraham S, Solomon W, Tjian R. Composite co-activator ARC mediates chromatin-directed transcriptional activation. Nature 1999; 398: 828–832
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nielsen J. Turner's syndrome in medical, neurological and psychiatric wards. A psychiatric, cytogenetic and clinical study. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1970; 46: 286–310
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nielsen J, Wohlert M. Chromosome abnormalities found among 34,910 newborn children: results from a 13-year incidence study in Arhus, Denmark. Hum Genet 1991; 87: 81–83
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patwardhan AJ, Eliez S, Bender B, Linden MG, Reiss AL. Brain morphology in Klinefelter syndrome: extra X chromosome and testosterone supplementation. Neurology 2000; 54: 2218–2223
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patwardhan AJ, Brown WE, Bender BG, Linden MG, Eliez S, Reiss AL. Reduced size of the amygdala in individuals with 47,XXY and 47,XXX karyotypes. Am J Med Genet 2002; 114: 93–98
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Philibert RA. A meta-analysis of the association of the HOPA12bp polymorphism and schizophrenia. Psychiatr Genet 2006; 16: 73–76
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Philibert RA, King BH, Winfield S, et al. Association of an X-chromosome dodecamer insertional variant allele with mental retardation. Mol Psychiatry 1998; 3: 303–309
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Philibert RA, Sandhu HK, Hutton AM, et al. Population-based association analyses of the HOPA12bp polymorphism for schizophrenia and hypothyroidism. Am J Med Genet 2001; 105: 130–134
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Prior TI, Chue PS, Tibbo P. Investigation of Turner syndrome in schizophrenia. Am J Med Genet 2000; 96: 373–378
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rachez C, Freedman LP. Mechanisms of gene regulation by vitamin D(3) receptor: a network of coactivator interactions. Gene 2000; 246: 9–21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosen M, Bergman M, Telfer MA. MMPI profiles of males with abnormal sex chromosome complements. J Ment Defic Res 1971; 15: 169–176
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ryan WG, Roddam RF, Grizzle WE. Thyroid function screening in newly admitted psychiatric inpatients. Ann Clin Psychiatry 1994; 6: 7–12
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Smyth CM, Bremner WJ. Klinefelter syndrome. Arch Intern Med 1998; 158: 1309–1314
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Turner H. A syndrome of infantilism, congenital webbed neck, and cubitus valgus. Endocrinology 1938; 23: 566–574
   Google Scholar
• Warwick MM, Doody GA, Lawrie SM, Kestelman JN, Best JJ, Johnstone EC. Volumetric magnetic resonance imaging study of the brain in subjects with sex chromosome aneuploidies. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1999; 66: 628–632
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Warwick MM, Lawrie SM, Beveridge A, Johnstone EC. Abnormal cerebral asymmetry and schizophrenia in a subject with Klinefelter's syndrome (XXY). Biol Psychiatry 2003; 53: 627–629
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar