The fear circuitry in panic disorder and its modulation by cognitive-behaviour therapy interventions

References

• Antoniadis EA, McDonald RJ. Amygdala, hippocampus, and unconditioned fear. Exp Brain Res 2001; 138(2)200–209
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bailey DJ, Tetzlaff JE, Cook JM, He X, Helmstetter FJ. Effects of hippocampal injections of a novel ligand selective for the alpha-5-beta-2-gama-2 subunits of the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor on Pavlovian conditioning. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2002; 78: 1–10
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Beauregard M. Mind does really matter: Evidence from neuroimaging studies of emotional self-regulation, psychotherapy, and placebo effect. Prog Neurobiol 2007; 81: 218–236
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beck AT, Sokol L, Clark DA, Berchik R, Wright F. A crossover study of focused cognitive therapy for panic disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1992; 149: 778–783
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berkowitz RL, Coplan JD, Reddy DP, Gorman JM. The human dimension: How the prefrontal cortex modulates the subcortical fear response. Rev Neurosci 2007; 18(3–4)191–207
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bishop SJ. Neurocognitive mechanisms of anxiety: An integrative account. Trends Cog Sci 2007; 11(7)307–317
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Butler T, Pan H, Tuescher O, Engelien A, Goldstein M, Epstein J, et al. Human fear-related motor neurocircuitry. Neuroscience 2007; 150: 1–7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Calder AJ, Lawrence AD, Young AW. Neuropsychology of fear and loathing. Nat Rev Neuros 2001; 2(5)352–363
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cannistraro PA, Rauch SL. Neural circuitry of anxiety: Evidence from structural and functional neuroimaging studies. Psychopharmacol Bull 2003; 37(4)8–25
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Charney DS. Neuroanatomical circuits modulating fear and anxiety behaviors. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl 2003; 417: 38–50
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Clark DM. A cognitive approach to panic. Behav Res Ther 1986; 24: 461–470
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clum GA, Clum GA, Surls R. A meta-analysis for panic disorder. J Consult Clinl Psychol 1993; 61: 317–326
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coplan JD, Lydiard RB. Brain circuits in panic disorder. Biol Psychiatry 1998; 44(12)1264–1276
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Critchley HD, Mathias CJ, Dolan RJ. Fear conditioning in humans: The influence of awareness and autonomic arousal on functional neuroanatomy. Neuron 2002; 33(4)653–663
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Davis M, Lang PJ. Emotion. Handbook of psychology, M Gallagher, RJ Nelson, IB Weiner. John Wiley, New York 2003; 405–439
   Google Scholar
• De Raedt R. Does neuroscience hold promise for the further development of behavior therapy? The case of emotional change after exposure in anxiety and depression. Scand J Psychol 2006; 47: 225–236
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Del-Ben CM, Graeff FG. Neurobiology of panic disorder: From animal models to brain neuroimaging. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2008; 32(7)1326–1335
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Del-Ben CM, Graeff FG. Panic disorder: Is the PAG involved?. Neural Plast 2009; 108135: 1–9
   Google Scholar
• Etkin A, Pittenger C, Polan HJ, Kandel ER. Toward a neurobiology of psychotherapy: Basic science and clinical applications. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2005; 17: 145–158
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fanselow MS. Contextual fear, gestalt memories, and the hippocampus. Behav Brain Res 2000; 110: 73–81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fava GA, Grandi S, Canestrari R, Grasso P, Pesarin F. Mechanisms of change of panic attacks with exposure treatment of agoraphobia. J Affect Disord 1991; 22(1–2)65–71
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Frewen PA, Dozois DJA, Lanius RA. Neuroimaging studies of psychological interventions for mood and anxiety disorders: Empirical and methodological review. Clin Psychol Rev 2008; 28: 228–246
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gorman JM, Kent JM, Sullivan GM, Coplan JD. Neuroanatomical hypothesis of panic disorder, revised. Am J Psychiatry 2000; 157(4)493–505
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garakani A, Mathew SJ, Charney DS. Neurobiology of anxiety disorders and implications for treatment. Mt Sinai J Med 2006; 73(7)941–949
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gazzaniga MS, Ivry RB, Mangun GR. Cognitive neuroscience: The biology of the mind. W.W. Norton & Company, New York 1998
   Google Scholar
• Gisquet-Verrier P, Dutrieux G, Richer P, Doyere V. Effects of lesions to the hippocampus on contextual fear: Evidence for a disruption of freezing and avoidance behavior but not context conditioning. Behav Neurosci 1999; 113: 507–522
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Haby M.M, Donnelly M, Corry J, Vos T. Cognitive behavioural therapy for depression, panic disorder and generalized anxiety disorder: A metaregression of factors that may predict outcome. Aust NZ J Psychiatry 2006; 40: 9–19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamm AO, Weike AI. The neuropsychology of fear learning and fear regulation. Int J Psychophysiol 2005; 57(1)5–14
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Herman JP, Cullinan WE. Neurocircuitry of stress: Central control of hypothalamo pituitary-adrenocortical axis. Trends Neurosci 1997; 20: 78–84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kent JM, Rauch SL. Neurocircuitry of anxiety disorders. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2003; 5(4)266–273
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kim JJ, Fanselow MS. Modality-specific retrograde amnesia of fear. Science 1992; 256: 675–677
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumari V. Do psychotherapies produce neurobiological effects?. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2006; 18: 61–70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LeDoux JE. The emotional brain. Simon & Schuster, New York 1996
   Google Scholar
• LeDoux JE. Fear and the brain: Where have we been, and where are we going?. Biol Psychiatry 1998; 44: 1229–1238
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LeDoux JE, Iwata J, Cicchetti P, Reis DJ. Different projections of the central amygdala nucleus mediate autonomic and behavioral correlates of conditioned fear. J Neurosci 1988; 8: 17–20
   Google Scholar
• Linden DE. How psychotherapy changes the brain – the contribution of functional neuroimaging. Mol Psychiatry 2006; 11(6)528–538
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liggan DY, Kay J. Some neurobiological aspects of psychotherapy. A review. J Psychother Pract Res 1999; 8(2)103–114
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Luria A. The working brain: An introduction to neuropsychology. Penguin, London 1982
   Google Scholar
• Marchand WR, Lee JN, Healy L, Thatcher JW, Rashkin E, Starr J, et al. An fMRI motor activation paradigm demonstrates abnormalities of putamen activation in females with panic disorder. J Affect Disord. 2009; 116: 121–125
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maren S, Aharonov G, Fanselow MS. Neurotoxic lesions of the dorsal hippocampus and Pavlovian fear conditioning in rats. Behav Brain Res 1997; 88: 261–274
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McNally RJ. Mechanisms of exposure therapy: How neuroscience can improve psychological treatments for anxiety disorders. Clin Psychol Rev 2007; 27: 750–759
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McNish KA, Gewirtz JC, Davis M. Evidence of contextual fear after lesions of the hippocampus: A disruption of freezing but not fear-potentiated startle. J Neurosci 1997; 17: 9353–9360
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Milad MR, Rauch SL. The role of the orbitofrontal cortex in anxiety disorders. Ann NY Acad Sci 2007; 1121: 546–561
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Millan MJ. The neurobiology and control of anxious states. Prog Neurobiol 2003; 70(2)83–244
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Misslin R. The defense system of fear: Behavior and neurocircuitry. Neurophysiol Clin 2003; 33(2)55–66
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mobbs D, Petrovic P, Marchant JL, Hassabis D, Weiskopf N, Seymour B, et al. When fear is near: Threat imminence elicits prefrontal-periaqueductal gray shifts in humans. Science 2007; 317(5841)1079–1083
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morris JS, Öhman A, Dolan RJ. Conscious and unconscious learning in the human amygdala. Nature 1998; 393: 467–470
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muigg P, Hetzenauer A, Hauer G, Hauschild M, Gaburro S, Frank E. Impaired extinction of learned fear in rats selectively bred for high anxiety – evidence of altered neuronal processing in prefrontal-amygdala pathways. Eur J Neurosci 2008; 28(11)2299–2309
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nardi AE, Freire RC, Zin WA. Panic disorder and control of breathing. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2009; 167(1)133–143
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nijsen MJ, Croiset G, Diamant M, DeWied D, Wiegant VM. CRH signalling in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis is involved in stress-induced cardiac vagal activation in conscious rats. Neuropsychopharmacology 2001; 24: 1–10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Öhman A. The role of the amygdala in human fear: Automatic detection of threat. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2005; 30: 953–958
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ongur D, Ferry AT, Price JL. Architectonic subdivision of the human orbital and medial prefrontal cortex. J Comp Neurol 2003; 460: 425–449
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Reilly RC, Rudy JW. Conjunctive representations in learning and memory: Principles of cortical and hippocampal function. Psychol Rev 2001; 108: 311–345
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phan KL, Wager T, Taylor SF, Liberzon I. Functional neuroanatomy of emotion: A meta-analysis of emotion activation studies in PET and fMRI. Neuroimage 2002; 16(2)331–348
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillips RG, LeDoux JE. Lesions of the fornix but not the entorhinal or perirhinal cortex interfere with contextual fear conditioning. J Neurosci 1995; 15: 5308–5315
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prasko J, Horácek J, Záleský R, Kopecek M, Novák T, Pasková B, et al. The change of regional brain metabolism (18FDG PET) in panic disorder during the treatment with cognitive behavioral therapy or antidepressants. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2004; 25(5)340–348
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rosen JB. The neurobiology of conditioned and unconditioned fear: A neurobehavioral system analysis of the amygdala. Behav Cogn Neurosci Rev 2004; 3(1)23–41
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rosen JB, Donley MP. Animal studies of amygdala function in fear and uncertainty: Relevance to human research. Biol Psychol 2006; 73(1)49–60
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rudy JW, Huff NC, Matus-Amat P. Understanding contextual fear conditioning: Insights from a two-process model. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2004; 28(7)675–685
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sacchetti B, Lorenzini CA, Baldi E, Tassoni G, Bucherelli C. Auditory thalamus, dorsal hippocampus, basolateral amygdala, and perirhinal cortex role in the consolidation of conditioned freezing to context and to acoustic conditioned stimulus in the rat. J Neurosci 1999; 19: 9570–9578
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roffman JL, Marci CD, Glick DM, Dougherty DD, Rauch SL. Neuroimaging and the functional neuroanatomy of psychotherapy. Psychol Med 2005; 35: 1385–1398
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sakai Y, Kumano H, Nishikawa M, Sakano Y, Kaiya H, Imabayashi E, et al. Changes in cerebral glucose utilization in patients with panic disorder treated with cognitive-behavioral therapy. Neuroimage 2006; 33(1)218–226
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sanders MJ, Wiltgen BJ, Fanselow MS. The place of the hippocampus in fear conditioning. Eur J Pharmacol 2003; 463(1–3)217–223
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schulz D, Canbeyli RS. Freezing behavior in BNST-lesioned Wistar rats. Ann NY Acad Sci 1999; 877: 728–731
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sotres-Bayon F, Cain CK, LeDoux JE. Brain mechanisms of fear extinction: Historical perspectives on the contribution of prefrontal cortex. Biol Psychiatry 2006; 60(4)329–336
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stein DJ. The neurobiology of panic disorder: Toward an integrated model. CNS Spectr 2005; 10(9)5–13
   Google Scholar
• Tabbert K, Stark R, Kirsch P, Vaitl D. Hemodynamic responses of the amygdala, the orbitofrontal cortex and the visual cortex during a fear conditioning paradigm. Int J Psychophysiol 2005; 57: 15–23
   PubMedGoogle Scholar