Inhibition of brain retinoic acid catabolism: a mechanism for minocycline's pleiotropic actions?

References

• Abu-Abed S, Dolle P, Metzger D, Beckett B, Chambon P, Petkovich M. 2001. The retinoic acid-metabolizing enzyme, CYP26A1, is essential for normal hindbrain patterning, vertebral identity, and development of posterior structures. Genes Dev 15:226–240.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aoto J, Nam CI, Poon MM, Ting P, Chen L. 2008. Synaptic signaling by all-trans retinoic acid in homeostatic synaptic plasticity. Neuron 60:308–320.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bremner JD, Shearer KD, McCaffery PJ. 2012. Retinoic acid and affective disorders: the evidence for an association. J Clin Psychiatry 73:37–50.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casha S, Zygun D, McGowan MD, Bains I, Yong VW, Hurlbert RJ. 2012. Results of a phase II placebo-controlled randomized trial of minocycline in acute spinal cord injury. Brain 135:1224–1236.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiu AM, Chuenkongkaew WL, Cornblath WT, Trobe JD, Digre KB, Dotan SA, et al. 1998. Minocycline treatment and pseudotumor cerebri syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol 126:116–121.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corcoran JP, So PL, Maden M. 2004. Disruption of the retinoid signalling pathway causes a deposition of amyloid beta in the adult rat brain. Eur J Neurosci 20:896–902.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cramer PE, Cirrito JR, Wesson DW, Lee CY, Karlo JC, Zinn AE, et al. 2012. ApoE-directed therapeutics rapidly clear beta-amyloid and reverse deficits in AD mouse models. Science 335:1503–1506.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dean OM, Data-Franco J, Giorlando F, Berk M. 2012. Minocycline: therapeutic potential in psychiatry. CNS Drugs 26:391–401.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dheen ST, Jun Y, Yan Z, Tay SS, Ling EA. 2005. Retinoic acid inhibits expression of TNF-alpha and iNOS in activated rat microglia. Glia 50:21–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ding Y, Qiao A, Wang Z, Goodwin JS, Lee ES, Block ML, et al. 2008. Retinoic acid attenuates beta-amyloid deposition and rescues memory deficits in an Alzheimer's disease transgenic mouse model. J Neurosci 28:11622–11634.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dixon KS, Hassoun A. 2010. Pseudotumor cerebri due to the potentiation of all-trans retinoic acid by voriconazole. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) 50:742–744.
   Google Scholar
• Friedman DI. 2005. Medication-induced intracranial hypertension in dermatology. Am J Clin Dermatol 6:29–37.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He Y, Appel S, Le WD. 2001. Minocycline inhibits microglial activation and protects nigral cells after 6-hydroxydopamine injection into mouse striatum. Brain Res 909:187–193.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hellmann-Regen J, Gertz K, Uhlemann R, Colla M, Endres M, Kronenberg G. 2012. Retinoic acid as target for local pharmacokinetic interaction with modafinil in neural cells. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 262:697–704.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hellmann-Regen J, Herzog I, Fischer N, Heuser I, Regen F. 2014. Do tetracyclines and erythromycin exert anti-acne effects by inhibition of P450-mediated degradation of retinoic acid? Exp Dermatol 23:290–293.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hellmann-Regen J, Heuser I, Regen F. 2013a. UV-A emission from fluorescent energy-saving light bulbs alters local retinoic acid homeostasis. Photochem Photobiol Sci 12:2177–2185.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hellmann-Regen J, Kronenberg G, Uhlemann R, Freyer D, Endres M, Gertz K. 2013b. Accelerated degradation of retinoic acid by activated microglia. J Neuroimmunol 256:1–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hellmann-Regen J, Kronenberg G, Uhlemann R, Freyer D, Endres M, Gertz K. 2013c. Accelerated degradation of retinoic acid by activated microglia. J Neuroimmunol 256:1–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hellmann J, Juttner R, Roth C, Bajbouj M, Kirste I, Heuser I, et al. 2011. Repetitive magnetic stimulation of human-derived neuron-like cells activates cAMP-CREB pathway. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 262:87–91.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hellmann J, Rommelspacher H, Muhlbauer E, Wernicke C. 2010. Raf kinase inhibitor protein enhances neuronal differentiation in human SH-SY5Y cells. Dev Neurosci 32:33–46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katsuki H, Kurimoto E, Takemori S, Kurauchi Y, Hisatsune A, Isohama Y, et al. 2009. Retinoic acid receptor stimulation protects midbrain dopaminergic neurons from inflammatory degeneration via BDNF-mediated signaling. J Neurochem 110:707–718.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelly RG, Kanegis LA. 1967. Metabolism and tissue distribution of radioisotopically labelled minocycline. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 11:171–183.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim JH, Yu KS, Jeong JH, Lee NS, Lee JH, Jeong YG, et al. 2013. All-trans-retinoic acid rescues neurons after global ischemia by attenuating neuroinflammatory reactions. Neurochem Res 38:2604–2615.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levkovitz Y, Mendlovich S, Riwkes S, Braw Y, Levkovitch-Verbin H, Gal G, et al. 2010. A double-blind, randomized study of minocycline for the treatment of negative and cognitive symptoms in early-phase schizophrenia. J Clin Psychiatry 71:138–149.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maden M. 2007. Retinoic acid in the development, regeneration and maintenance of the nervous system. Nat Rev Neurosci 8:755–765.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCaffery P, Zhang J, Crandall JE. 2006. Retinoic acid signaling and function in the adult hippocampus. J Neurobiol 66: 780–791.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McCaffery PJ, Adams J, Maden M, Rosa-Molinar E. 2003. Too much of a good thing: retinoic acid as an endogenous regulator of neural differentiation and exogenous teratogen. Eur J Neurosci 18:457–472.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McSorley LC, Daly AK. 2000. Identification of human cytochrome P450 isoforms that contribute to all-trans-retinoic acid 4-hydroxylation. Biochem Pharmacol 60:517–526.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Melnik B, Bros U, Plewig G. 1987. Characterization of apoprotein metabolism and atherogenic lipoproteins during oral isotretinoin treatment. Dermatologica 175(Suppl 1):158–68.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Melnik BC. 2014. The P450 system and mTORC1 signalling in acne. Exp Dermatol 23:318–319.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Melnik BC, Schmitz G. 2013. Are therapeutic effects of antiacne agents mediated by activation of FoxO1 and inhibition of mTORC1? Exp Dermatol 22:502–504.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mey J, Morassutti DJ, Brook G, Liu RH, Zhang YP, Koopmans G, et al. 2005. Retinoic acid synthesis by a population of NG2-positive cells in the injured spinal cord. Eur J Neurosci 21:1555–1568.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miyaoka T, Wake R, Furuya M, Liaury K, Ieda M, Kawakami K, et al. 2012. Minocycline as adjunctive therapy for patients with unipolar psychotic depression: an open-label study. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 37:222–226.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Molina-Hernandez M, Tellez-Alcantara NP, Perez-Garcia J, Olivera-Lopez JI, Jaramillo-Jaimes MT. 2008. Antidepressant-like actions of minocycline combined with several glutamate antagonists. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 32:380–386.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moskowitz Y, Leibowitz E, Ronen M, Aviel E. 1993. Pseudotumor cerebri induced by vitamin A combined with minocycline. Ann Ophthalmol 25:306–308.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niwa T, Murayama N, Yamazaki H. 2009. Oxidation of endobiotics mediated by xenobiotic-metabolizing forms of human cytochrome. Curr Drug Metab 10:700–712.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oliveira GB, Fontes Ede A, Jr, de Carvalho S, da Silva JB, Fernandes LM, Oliveira MC, et al. 2014. Minocycline mitigates motor impairments and cortical neuronal loss induced by focal ischemia in rats chronically exposed to ethanol during adolescence. Brain Res 1561:23–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Regen F, Heuser I, Herzog I, Hellmann-Regen J. 2013. Striking Growth-inhibitory effects of minocycline on human prostate cancer cell lines. Urology 83:509.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reijntjes S, Gale E, Maden M. 2004. Generating gradients of retinoic acid in the chick embryo: Cyp26C1 expression and a comparative analysis of the Cyp26 enzymes. Dev Dyn 230:509–517.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reus GZ, Abelaira HM, Maciel AL, Dos Santos MA, Carlessi AS, Steckert AV, et al. 2014. Minocycline protects against oxidative damage and alters energy metabolism parameters in the brain of rats subjected to chronic mild stress. Metab Brain Dis 30:545–553.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Savitz J, Preskorn S, Teague TK, Drevets D, Yates W, Drevets W. 2012. Minocycline and aspirin in the treatment of bipolar depression: a protocol for a proof-of-concept, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 2x2 clinical trial. BMJ Open 2:e000643.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shearer KD, Fragoso YD, Clagett-Dame M, McCaffery PJ. 2012a. Astrocytes as a regulated source of retinoic acid for the brain. Glia 60:1964–1976.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shearer KD, Stooney PN, Nanescu SE, Helfer G, Barrett P, Ross AW, et al. 2012b. Photoperiodic expression of two RALDH enzymes and the regulation of cell proliferation by retinoic acid in the rat hypothalamus. J Neurochem 122:789–799.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi LF. 2007. Tetracycline-family antibiotics and pseudotumor cerebri. J Am Acad Audiol 18:453–454; author reply 454.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thatcher JE, Isoherranen N. 2009. The role of CYP26 enzymes in retinoic acid clearance. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 5:875–886.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tian Y, Guo S, Wu X, Ma L, Zhao X. 2015. Minocycline alleviates sevoflurane-induced cognitive impairment in aged rats. Cell Mol Neurobiol 35:585–594.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagner M, Han B, Jessell TM. 1992. Regional differences in retinoid release from embryonic neural tissue detected by an in vitro reporter assay. Development 116:55–66.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yong VW, Wells J, Giuliani F, Casha S, Power C, Metz LM. 2004. The promise of minocycline in neurology. Lancet Neurol 3:744–751.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yrjanheikki J, Tikka T, Keinanen R, Goldsteins G, Chan PH, Koistinaho J. 1999. A tetracycline derivative, minocycline, reduces inflammation and protects against focal cerebral ischemia with a wide therapeutic window. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96:13496–13500.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao XJ, Ishizaki T. 1999. A further interaction study of quinine with clinically important drugs by human liver microsomes: determinations of inhibition constant (Ki) and type of inhibition. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 24: 272–278.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar