The Context, Management and Prevention of Heroin Overdose in Victoria, Australia: The Promise of a Diverse Approach

References

• Australian Bureau of Criminal Intelligence. The Australian Illicit Drug Report, 1997–1998. Government of Australia, Canberra 1999
   Google Scholar
• Australian Bureau of Criminal Intelligence. The Australian Illicit Drug Report, 1998–1999. Government of Australia, Canberra 2000
   Google Scholar
• Australian Bureau of Statistics. Australian Demographic Statistics (Cat no. 3101.0). Author, CanberraAustralia 1998
   Google Scholar
• Australian Labor Party, V. B. 31 July, 1999, (downloaded). A New Approach: Labor's plan to tackle the drug crisis available: http://www.vic.alp.org.au/policy/health/drugs.html
   Google Scholar
• Bennett G. A., Higgins D. S. Accidental overdose among injecting drug users in Dorset, UK. Addiction 1999; 94(8)1179–1180
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Benninghoff F., Gervasoni J. P., Spencer B., Dubois-Arber F. Carateristics de la clientele des structures a bas seuil d'acces mettant a disposition du material d'injection sterile en Suisse. Revue Epidemiologie el Same Public 1998; 46: 205–217
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bollinger L., Stöver H., Fietzek L. Druckräume: Angebote, in denen der intravenöse drogenkonsum toleriert wird. Drogenpraxis, Drogenrecht, Drogenpolitik, L. Bollinger, H. Stöver, L. Fietzek. Fachhochschulverlag, Frankfurt am MainGermany 1995; 142–145
   Google Scholar
• Brecher E. M. The “heroin overdose” mystery and other hazards of addiction. Licit and Illicit Drugs, E. M. Brecher. Little, Brown and Company, Boston 1972; 101–114, The editors of consumer reports
   Google Scholar
• Buerki C, Egger M., Haemmig R., Minder-Nejedly M., Malinverni T. HIV risk behavior among street intravenous drug users attending a shooting room in Bern, Switzerland: 1990 and 1995. University Psychiatric Services, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine and Medical Polyclinic, University of Bern, BernSwitzerland 1996
   Google Scholar
• Darke S., Ross J., Hall W. Overdose among heroin users in Sydney, Australia I: Prevalence and correlates of non-fatal overdose. Addiction 1996; 91: 405–411
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Darke S., Ross J., Sunjic S., Zador D. Heroin-related deaths in New South Wales 1992–1996. National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, Sydney 1999, (NDARC Technical Report No. 68)
   Google Scholar
• Darke S., Sunjic S., Zador D., Prolov T. A comparison of blood toxicology of heroin-related deaths and current heroin users in Sydney, Australia. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 1997; 47: 45–53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Jong W., Weber U. The professional acceptance of drug use: a closer look at drug consumption rooms in the Netherlands, Germany and Switzerland. International Journal of Drug Policy 1999; 10(2)99–108
   Google Scholar
• Department of Health and Community Services. Victorian Inpatient Minimum Database. Author, Melbourne 1994
   Google Scholar
• Dietze P. M., Cvetkovski S., Rumbold G. R., Miller P. Ambulance attendance at heroin overdose in Melbourne: The establishment of a database of Ambulance Service records. Drug and Alcohol Review 2000; 19: 27–33
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drugs and Crime Prevention Committee. Safe Injecting Facilities: Their Justification and Viability in the Victorian Selling, Occasional paper no 2. Victorian Government Printer, Melbourne 1999
   Google Scholar
• Dwyer R., Rumbold G. Victorian Drug Trends 1999: Findings from the Illicit Drug Reporting System. National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, Sydney 2000, (NDARC Technical Report No. 89)
   Google Scholar
• Fitzgerald J., Hamilton M., Dietze P. Walking overdoses: A re-appraisal of non-fatal illicit drug overdoses. Addiction Research, (in press)
   Google Scholar
• Fitzgerald J. L., Broad S., Dare A. Regulating the street heroin market in Fitzroy/Collingwood. University of Melbourne, Melbourne 1998
   Google Scholar
• Fry C., Fox S., Rumbold G. Establishing safe injecting rooms in Australia: Attitudes of injecting drug users. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 1999; 23(5)501–504
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hall W., Darke S. Trends in Opiate Overdose Deaths in Australia 1979–1995. National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, Sydney 1997, (NDARC Technical Report No. 49)
   Google Scholar
• Hall W. D., Degenhardt L. J., Lynskey M. T. Opioid overdose mortality in Australia: 1964–1997: birth-cohort trends. Medical Journal of Australia 1999; 171: 34–37
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hando J., Darke S., O'Brien S., Maher L., Hall W. The development of an early warning system to detect trends in illicit drug use in Australia - the Illicit Drug Reporting System. Addiction Research 1998; 6(2)97–113
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hulse G. K., English D. R., Milne E., Holman C. D. The quantification of mortality resulting from the regular use of illicit opiates. Addiction 1999; 94(2)221–229
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Integrative Drogenhilfe. Annual report 1997. Intergrative Drogenhilfe an der Fachhochschule Frankfurt am Main e. V., Frankfurt am MainGermany 1998
   Google Scholar
• Keenan M., Lang E. Tales of the unexpected: An exploration of a community approach that shouldn't work. Proceedings of the Kettil Bruun Society Thematic Meeting Fourth Symposium of Community Action Research and the Prevention of Alcohol and Other Drug Problems, S. Casswell, H. Holder, M. Holmila, S. Larsson, R. Midford, H. Moeweka-Barnes, P. Nygaard, L. Stewart. 1999
   Google Scholar
• Auckland: Alcohol and Public Health Research Unit, University of Auckland. Kemmesies, U. E. The open drug scene and the safe injection room offers in Frankfurt am Main 1995. Stadt Frankfurt/Dezernat Frauen und Gesundheit, Drogenreferat, Frankfurt am MainGermany 1999
   Google Scholar
• Lenton S., Tan-Quigley A. The Fitpack Study: A survey of ‘hidden’ drug users with minimal drug treatment experience. National Centre for Research into the Prevention of Drug Abuse, Perth 1997, Lindesmith Centre (downloaded 20 November 1999). Safer injection rooms: Internet based research summary [on line]. Available: http://www.lindesmith.org/cites_sources/safer_injection.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Loxley W. M., Hawks D. V. AIDS and injecting drug use: very risky behaviour in a Perth sample of injecting drug users. Drug and Alcohol Review 1994; 13: 21–30
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lynskey M., Hall W. Jurisdictional trends in opioid overdose deaths in Australia 1988–1996. (NDARC Technical Report No. 54). National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, Sydney 1998
   Google Scholar
• Monforte J. R. Some observations concerning blood morphine concentrations in narcotic addicts. Journal of Forensic Sciences 1977; 22: 718–724
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nickolai M. Evolution of Frankfurt's approach to the drug problem. Euro Meth-work 1997; 12: 3–4
   Google Scholar
• Parliament of New South Wales Joint Select Committee into Safe Injecting Rooms. Report on the establishment or trial of safe injecting rooms. Parliament of New South Wales, Sydney 1998
   Google Scholar
• Premier's Drug Advisory Council. Drugs and our community: Report of the Premier's Drug Advisory Council. Victorian Government Printer, Melbourne 1996
   Google Scholar
• Rumbold G., Fry C. Victorian Drug Trends 1997: Findings from the Illicit Drug Reporting System. National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, Sydney 1998, (NDARC Technical Report No. 59)
   Google Scholar
• Rumbold G., Fry C. Victorian Drug Trends 1998: Findings from the Illicit Drug Reporting System. National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, Sydney 1999, (NDARC Technical Report No. 73)
   Google Scholar
• Rumbold G. R., Dietze P. M. Illicit drug data trends and data needs in Victoria: Final Report. Turning Point Alcohol and Drug Centre Inc, Melbourne 1999
   Google Scholar
• State Coroner of Victoria. Heroin-related overdose project: Inquest into six of the 25 deaths investigated as part of the project. Author, Melbourne 2000
   Google Scholar
• Strang J. Take-home naloxone: the next steps. Addiction 1999; 94(2)207
   Google Scholar
• Strang J., Powis B., Best D., Vingoe L., Griffiths P., Taylor C., Welch S., Gossop M. Preventing opiate overdose fatalities with take-home naloxone: pre-launch study of possible impact and acceptability. Addiction 1999; 94(2)199–204
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Victoria Police. Police attendance at incidents of drug overdose. Chief Commissioner's Instructions. The Gazette February, 1999, 2: 8
   Google Scholar
• Warner M. N. Onderzoek naar de mogelijkheid om harddruggebruik binnen een opvangvoorziening in Arnhem te reguleren. Gelders Centrum voor Verslavingszorg, ArnhemNetherlands 1997
   Google Scholar
• Western Australian Drug Abuse Strategy Office (in conjunction with the National Drug Research Institute). Register of opiate overdose prevention projects in Australia. Western Australian Drug Abuse Strategy Office, Perth 1999
   Google Scholar
• Wolk J., Wodak A., Morlet A., Guinan J. J., Gold J. J. HIV-related risk-taking behaviour, knowledge and serostatus of intravenous drug users in Sydney. Medical Journal of Australia 1990; 152(9)453–458
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zador D., Sunjic S., Darke S. Heroin-related deaths in New South Wales, 1992: Toxicological findings and circumstances. Medical Journal of Australia 1996; 164: 204–207
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar