A Canadian perspective on cannabis normalization among adults

References

• Adlaf EM, Begin, P., & Sawka, E. (Eds.). (2005). Canadian Addiction Survey (CAS): A national survey of Canadians’ use of alcohol and other drugs: Prevalence of use and related harms: Detailed report. Ottawa: Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse
   Google Scholar
• Aldridge J, Measham F, Williams L. Illegal leisure revisited: Changing patterns of alcohol and drug use in adolescents and young adults. Routledge, London 2011
   Google Scholar
• Angus Reid Strategies (2010). Majority of Canadians would legalize marijuana, but not other drugs. Retrieved from http://www.angus-reid.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/2010.04.15_Drugs_CAN.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Arnett JJ. The developmental context of substance use in emerging adulthood. The Journal of Drug Issues 2005; 35: 235–254
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bahora M, Sterk C, Elifson K. Understanding recreational ecstasy use in the United States: A qualitative inquiry. International Journal of Drug Policy 2009; 20: 62–69
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beck U. Risk society: Towards a new modernity. Sage, London 1992
   Google Scholar
• Brochu S, Duff C, Asbridge M, Erickson P. There's what's on paper and then there's what happens, out on the sidewalk: Cannabis users knowledge and opinions of Canadian drug laws. Journal of Drug Issues 2011; 41: 95–116
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calabria B, Degenhardt L, Hall W, Lynskey M. Does cannabis use increase the risk of death? Sytematic review of epidemiological evidence on adverse effects of cannabis use. Drug and Alcohol Review 2010; 29: 1–14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheung N, Cheung Y. Is Hong Kong experiencing normalization of adolescent drug use? Some reflections on the normalization thesis. Substance Use and Misuse 2006; 41: 1967–1990
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clarke A. Situational analysis: Grounded theory after the postmodern turn. Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA 2005
   Google Scholar
• Duff C. The importance of culture and context: Rethinking risk and risk management in young drug-using populations. Health, Risk and Society 2003; 5: 285–300
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duff C. Drug use as a ‘practice of the self’: Is there any place for an ‘ethics of moderation’ in Contemporary Drug Policy?. International Journal of Drug Policy 2004; 15: 385–393
   Google Scholar
• Duff C. Party drugs and party people: Examining the ‘normalization’ of recreational drug use in Melbourne, Australia. International Journal of Drug Policy 2005; 16: 161–170
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duff C. Towards a theory of drug use contexts: Space, embodiment and practice. Addiction Research and Theory 2007; 15: 503–519
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duff C, (in press). Accounting for context: Exploring the role of objects and spaces in the consumption of alcohol and other drugs. Social and Cultural Geography
   Google Scholar
• Durrant R, Thakker J. Substance use and abuse: Cultural and historical perspectives. Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA 2003
   Google Scholar
• EMCDDA (2006). The state of the drug problems in Europe. Lisbon: Author
   Google Scholar
• Erickson P. The harm minimization option for cannabis: History and prospects in Canadian drug policy. Harm reduction: National and international perspectives, J Inciardi, L Harrison. Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA 1999; 27–46
   Google Scholar
• Erickson PG, Hathaway AD. Normalization and harm reduction: Research avenues and policy agendas. International Journal of Drug Policy 2010; 21: 137–139
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erickson PG, Hyshka E. Four decades of cannabis criminals in Canada: 1970–2010. Amsterdam Law Forum 2010; 2: 14–18
   Google Scholar
• Fischer B, Rehm J, Hall W. Cannabis use in Canada: The need for a ‘public health’ approach. Canadian Journal of Public Health 2009; 100: 102–104
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gruber E, Thau H, Hill D, Fisher D, Gruber J. Alcohol, tobacco and illicit substances in music videos: A content analysis of prevalence and genre. Journal of Adolescent Health 2005; 37: 81–83
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hammersley R. Theorizing normal drug use. Addiction Research and Theory 2001; 13: 201–203
   Google Scholar
• Hathaway AD. Cannabis users’ informal rules for managing stigma and risk. Deviant Behavior 2004; 25: 559–577
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hathaway A, Erickson P, Lucas P. Canadian public opinion on cannabis: How far out of step with it is the existing law?. Canadian Review of Social Policy 2007; 59: 44–55
   Google Scholar
• Hathaway AD, Hyshka E, Erickson PG, Asbridge M, Brochu S, Cousineau M-M, , Marsh D, et al. Whither RDS? An investigation of respondent driven sampling as a method of recruiting mainstream marijuana users. Harm Reduction Journal 2010; 7: 15–23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Health Canada (2009). Canadian alcohol and drug use survey: Summary results for 2009. Retrieved from http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/hc-ps/drugs-drogues/stat/_2009/summary-sommaire-eng.php
   Google Scholar
• Heckathorn DD. Respondent-driven sampling II: Deriving valid population estimates from chain-referral samples of hidden populations. Social Problems 2002; 49: 11–34
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnston LD, O’Malley, P.M., Bachman, J.G., & Schulenberg, J.E. (2009). Monitoring the future national results on adolescent drug use: Overview of key findings, 2008 (NIH Publication no. 09-7401). Bethesda, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse
   Google Scholar
• Kirby S, Greaves L, Reid C. Experience research social change: Methods beyond the mainstream. University of Toronto Press, Toronto 2006
   Google Scholar
• Leatherdale S, Ahmed R. Alcohol, marijuana, and tobacco use among Canadian youth: Do we need more multi-substance prevention programming?. Journal of Primary Prevention 2010; 31: 99–108
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacNeil P, & Webster, I. (Eds.). (1997). Canada's alcohol and other drugs survey 1994: A discussion of the findings. Ottawa: Minister of Public Works and Government and Services
   Google Scholar
• Measham F, Aldridge J, Parker H. Dancing on drugs: Risk, health and hedonism in the British Club Scene. Free Association Books, London 2001
   Google Scholar
• Measham F, Newcombe R, Parker H. The normalization of recreational drug use amongst young people in North-West England. The British Journal of Sociology 1994; 45: 287–312
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Measham F, Shiner M. The legacy of ‘normalisation’: The role of classical and contemporary criminological theory in understanding young people's drug use. International Journal of Drug Policy 2009; 20: 502–508
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miles S. Youth lifestyles in a changing world. Open University Press, Buckingham 2000
   Google Scholar
• Osborne G, Fogel C. Understanding the motivations for recreational marijuana use among adult Canadians. Substance Use and Misuse 2008; 43: 539–572
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paglia-Boak A, Mann, R.E., Adlaf, E.M., & Rehm, J. (2009). Drug use among Ontario students, 1977–2009: Detailed OSDUHS findings (CAMH Research Document Series No. 27). Toronto: Centre for Addiction and Mental Health
   Google Scholar
• Pape H, Rossow I. Ordinary people with normal lives? A longitudinal study of Ecstasy and other drug use among Norwegian youth. Journal of Drug Issues 2004; 34: 389–418
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parker H. Normalization as barometer: Recreational drug use and the consumption of leisure by young Britons. Addiction Research and Theory 2005; 13: 205–215
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parker H, Aldridge J, Measham F. Illegal leisure: The normalization of adolescent drug use. Routledge, London 1998
   Google Scholar
• Parker H, Williams L, Aldridge J. The normalization of 'sensible' recreational drug use: Further evidence from the north west England longitudinal study. Sociology 2002; 36: 941–964
   Google Scholar
• Pearson G. Normal drug use: Ethnographic fieldwork among an adult network of recreational drug users in inner London. Substance Use and Misuse 2001; 36: 167–200
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pedersen W. Cannabis use: Subcultural opposition or social marginality? A population-based longitudinal study. Acta Sociologica 2009; 52: 135–148
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pennay A, Moore D. Exploring the micro-politics of normalisation: Narratives of pleasure, self-control and desire in a sample of young Australian ‘party drug’ users. Addiction Research and Theory 2010; 18: 557–571
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Primack B, Dalton M, Carroll M, Agarwal A, Fine M. Content analysis of tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs in popular music. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine 2008; 162: 169–175
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Putnam R. Bowling alone: America's declining social capital. Journal of Democracy 1995; 6: 65–78
   Google Scholar
• Reinarman C, Cohen P. Lineaments of cannabis culture: Rules regulating use in Amsterdam and San Francisco. Contemporary Justice Review 2007; 10: 393–410
   Google Scholar
• Reith G. Consumption and its discontents: Addiction, identity and the problems of freedom. The British Journal of Sociology 2004; 55: 283–300
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberts DF, Henriksen, L., Christenson, P.G., Kelly, M., Carbone, S., & Wilson, A.B. (1999). Substance use in popular movies and music. Rockville, MD: ONDCP, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
   Google Scholar
• Rodner S. Practicing risk control in a socially disapproved area: Swedish socially integrated drug users and their perception of risks. Journal of Drug Issues 2006; 36: 933–951
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenbaum M, Morgan P, Beck J. Ethnographic notes on Ecstasy use among professionals. International Journal of Drug Policy 1989; 1: 16–19
   Google Scholar
• Statistics Canada (2010). Income of Canadians. Retrieved from http://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/100617/dq100617c-eng.htm
   Google Scholar
• Stryker JE. Media and marijuana: A longitudinal analysis of news media effects on adolescents' marijuana use and related outcomes, 1977–1999. Journal of Health Communication 2003; 8: 305–328
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sznitman S. An examination of the normalisation of cannabis use among 9th grade school students in Sweden and Switzerland. Addiction Research and Theory 2007; 15: 601–616
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Temple E, Brown R, Hine D. The ‘grass ceiling’: Limitations in the literature hinder our understanding of cannabis use and its consequences. Addiction 2011; 106: 238–244
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar