Exaggeration of perceived smoking norms among college students: Does smoking status matter?

References

• American College Health Association. American College Health Association-National college health assessment II: Reference group executive summary spring 2010. American College Health Association, Linthicum, MD 2010
   Google Scholar
• Arbour-Nicitopoulos KP, Kwan MY, Lowe D, Taman S, Faulkner GE. Social norms of alcohol, smoking, and marijuana use within a Canadian university setting. Journal of American College Health 2010; 59: 191–196
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berg CJ, Lust KA, Sanem JR, Kirch MA, Rudie M, Ehlinger E. Smoker self-identification versus recent smoking among college students. American Journal of Preventative Medicine 2009; 36: 333–336
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borsari B, Carey KB. Effects of a brief motivational intervention with college student drinkers. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 2000; 68: 728–733
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borsari B, Carey KB. Descriptive and injunctive norms in college drinking: A meta-analytic integration. Journal of Studies on Alcohol 2003; 64: 331–341
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown AK, Moodie C, Hastings G, Mackintosh AM, Hassan L, Thrasher J. The association of normative perceptions with adolescent smoking intentions. Journal of Adolescence 2009; 33: 603–614
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carey KB, Henson JM, Carey MP, Maisto SA. Computer versus in-person intervention for students violating campus alcohol policy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 2009; 77: 74–87
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carvalho AM, Cunningham J, Strike C, Brands B, Wright MG. Perceived norms among university students of three health courses for drug use among peers. Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem 2009; 17: 900–906
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Cigarette smoking among adults – United States, 2003. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 2003; 54: 509–513
   Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2006). National Youth Tobacco Survey. Retrieved April 14, 2010 from http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/surveys/nyts/index.htm.
   Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Smoking-attributable mortality, years of potential life lost, and productivity losses – United States, 2000–2004. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 2008; 57: 1226–1228
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Cigarette use among high school students – United States 1991–2009. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 2010a; 59: 797–801
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Early release of selected estimates based on data from the 2009 National Health Interview Survey: Current smoking. US Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC 2010b
   Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC health disparities and inequalities report – United States, 2011. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 2011; S60: 1–116
   Google Scholar
• Chassin L, Presson CC, Sherman SJ, Corty E, Olshavsky RW. Predicting the onset of cigarette smoking in adolescents: A longitudinal study. Journal of Applied Social Psychology 1984; 14: 224–243
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cialdini RB, Reno RR, KallGren CA. A focus theory of normative conduct: Recycling the concept of norms to reduce littering in public places. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1990; 58: 1015–1026
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dimeff LA, Baer JS, Kivlahan DR, Marlatt GA. Brief alcohol screening and intervention for college students (BASICS): A harm reduction approach. The Guilford Press, New York 1999
   Google Scholar
• Etcheverry PE, Agnew CR. Romantic partner and friend influences on young adult cigarette smoking: Comparing close others’ smoking and injunctive norms over time. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors 2008; 22: 313–325
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fazio RH. How do attitudes guide behavior. The handbook of motivation and cognition: Foundations of social behavior, R.H. Sorrentino, E.T. Higgins. Guilford, New York 1986; 204–243
   Google Scholar
• Figueroa SD, Cunningham J, Strike C, Brands B, Wright MG. Perceived norms among Honduran university students about peers and tobacco, alcohol, marijuana and cocaine use. Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem 2009; 17: 851–857
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson KM, Colby SM, Sher KJ. Daily patterns of conjoint smoking and drinking in college student smokers. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors 2010; 24: 424–435
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larimer ME, Neighbors C. Normative misperception and the impact of descriptive and injunctive norms on college student gambling. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors 2003; 17: 235–243
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larimer ME, Turner AP, Mallet KA, Geisner IM. Predicting drinking behavior and alcohol-related problems among fraternity and soroity members: Examining the role of descriptive and injunctive norms. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors 2004; 18: 203–212
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee CM, Geisner IM, Lewis MA, Neighbors C, Larimer ME. Social motives and the interaction between descriptive and injunctive norms in college student drinking. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 2007; 68: 714–721
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levinson AH, Campo S, Gascoigne J, Jolly O, Zakharyan A, Tran ZV. Smoking, but not smokers: Identity among college students who smoke cigarettes. Nicotine and Tobacco Research 2007; 9: 845–852
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mattern JL, Neighbors C. Social norms campaigns: Examining the relationship between changes in perceived norms and changes in drinking levels. Journal of Studies on Alcohol 2004; 65: 489–493
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Medina Matallana LS, Cunningham J, Strike C, Brands B, Wright MG. Perceived norms among university students about their peers and drug use in Bogota, Columbia. Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem 2009; 17: 893–898
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mullen, B., & Hu, L. (1988). Social projection as a function of cognitive mechanisms: Two-meta-analytic integrations. British Journal of Social Psychology, 27, 333–356.
   Google Scholar
• Neighbors C, Dillard AJ, Lewis MA, Bergstrom RL, Neil TA. Normative misperceptions and temporal precedence of perceived norms and drinking. Journal of Studies on Alcohol 2006; 67: 290–299
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neighbors C, Geisner IM, Lee CM. Perceived marijuana norms and social expectancies among enter college student marijuana users. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors 2008; 22: 433–438
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neighbors C, Larimer ME, Lewis MA. Targeting misperceptions of descriptive drinking norms: Efficacy of a computer delivered personalized normative feedback intervention. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 2004; 72: 434–447
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neighbors C, O’Connor RM, Lewis MA, Chawla N, Lee CM, Fossos N. The relative impact of descriptive and injunctive norms on college student drinking: The role of reference group. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors 2008; 70: 106–116
   Google Scholar
• Perkins, H.W. (1997). College student misperceptions of alcohol and other drug norms among peers: Exploring causes, consequences, and implications for prevention programs. In Designing alcohol and other drug prevention programs in higher education: Bringing theory into practice (pp. 177–206). Newton, MA: U.S. Department of Education.
   Google Scholar
• Perkins HW. Social norms and the prevention of alcohol misuse in collegiate contexts. Journal of Studies on Alcohol 2002; Supplement No. 14: 164–172
   Google Scholar
• Powell LM, Tauras JA, Ross H. The importance of peer effects, cigarette prices and tobacco control policies for youth smoking behaviour. Journal of Health Economics 2005; 24: 950–968
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prentice DA, Miller DT. Pluralistic ignorance and alcohol use on campus: Some consequences of misperceiving the social norm. Journal of Studies on Alcohol 1993; S14: 91–100
   Google Scholar
• Rhodes N, Ewoldsen DR. Attitude and norm accessibiity and cigarette smoking. Journal of Applied Social Psychology 2009; 39: 2355–2372
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rimal RN, Real K. How behaviors are influenced by perceived norms: A test of the theory of normative social behavior. Communication Research 2005; 32: 389–414
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riou Franca L, Dautzenberg B, Falissard B, Reynaud M. Are social norms associated with smoking in French university students? A survey report on smoking correlates. Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy 2009; 4: 4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seigers, D.K., & Terry, C.P. (in press). Perceptions of risk among college smokers: Relationships to smoking status. Addiction Research and Theory, doi:10.3109/16066359.2010.545155.
   Google Scholar
• Stuber, J., Galea, S., & Link, B.G. (2008). Smoking and the emergence of a stigmatized social status. Social Science & Medicine, 67, 420–430.
   Google Scholar