Injecting drug users in Scotland, 2006: Listing, number, demography, and opiate-related death-rates

Rererences

• Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs (Chairman: Professor Sir Michael Rawlins). Reducing drug related deaths. Author, London 2000
   Google Scholar
• Bird SM, on behalf of European COSMO Workshop (2010). Over 1200 drugs-related deaths and 190000 opiate-user-years of follow-up: Relative risks by sex and age-group. Addiction Research and Theory, 18, 194–207
   Google Scholar
• Bird SM, Hutchinson SJ. Male drugs-related deaths in the fortnight after release from prison: Scotland, 1996–1999. Addiction 2003; 98: 185–190
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bird SM, Hutchinson SJ, Goldberg DJ. Drug-related deaths by region, gender and age-group per 100 injectors: Scotland, 2000–2001. The Lancet 2003; 362: 941–944
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bird SM, Hutchinson SJ, Hay G, King R. Commentary: Missing targets on drugs-related deaths, and a Scottish paradox. International Journal of Drug Policy 2010; 21: 155–159
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bird SM, Robertson JR. Toxicology of Scotland's drugs-related deaths in 2000–2007: Presence of heroin, methadone, diazepam and alcohol by sex, age-group and era. Addiction Research and Theory 2011; 19: 170–178
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bird SM, Robertson R, Beresford H, Hutchinson SJ. Targets for Hepatitis C virus test uptake and case-finding among injecting drug users: In prisons and general practice. Addiction Research and Theory 2010; 18: 421–432
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bloor M, Gannon M, Hay G, Jackson G, Leyland AH, McKeganey N. Contribution of problem drug users’ deaths to excess mortality in Scotland: Secondary analysis of cohort study. British Medical Journal 2008; 337: a478
   Google Scholar
• Cornish R, Macleod J, Strang J, Vickerman P, Hickman M. Risk of death during and after opiate substitution treatment in primary care: Prospective observational study in UK General Practice Research Database. British Medical Journal 2010; 341: c5475
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davoli M, Bargali AM, Perucci CA. Risk of fatal overdose during and after specialist drug treatment: The VEdeTTE study, a national multi-site prospective cohort study. Addiction 2007; 102: 1954–1959
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. Mortality related to drug use in Europe: Public health implications. Publications Office of European Union, Luxembourg 2011
   Google Scholar
• Farrell M, Marsden J. Acute risk of drug-related death among newly released prisoners in England and Wales. Addiction 2008; 103: 185–190
   Google Scholar
• Fienberg SE. The multiple recapture census for closed populations and incomplete 2k contingency tables. Biometrika 1972; 59: 591–603
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frischer M, Goldberg D, Taylor A, Bloor M. Estimating the incidence and prevalence of injecting drug use in Glasgow. Addiction Research and Theory 1997; 5: 307–315
   Google Scholar
• Frischer M, Leyland A, Cormack R, Goldberg DJ, Bloor M, Green ST, , Platt S, et al. Estimating the population prevalence of injection drug use and infection with human immunodeficiency virus among injection drug users in Glasgow, Scotland. American Journal of Epidemiology 1993; 138: 170–181
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• General Register Office for Scotland (2009). Drug-related deaths in Scotland in 2008 (published on 12 August 2009). Retrieved from http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/files2/stats/drug-related-deaths/drug-related-deaths-in-scotland-in-2008.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Gibson A, Randall D, Degenhardt L. The increasing mortality burden of liver disease among opioid-dependent people: Cohort study. Addiction 2011; 106: 2186–2192
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Green PJ. Reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo computation and Bayesian model determination. Biometrika 1995; 82: 711–732
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hay G, Gannon M, MacDougall J, Eastwood C, Williams K, Millar T. Capture–recapture and anchored prevalence estimation of injecting drug users in England: National and regional estimates. Statistical Methods in Medical Research 2009; 18: 323–339
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hay G, Smit F. Estimating the number of drug injectors from needle exchange data. Addiction Research and Theory 2003; 11: 235–243
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hickman M, Higgins V, Hope V, Bellis M, Tilling K, Walker A, Henry J. Injecting drug use in Brighton, Liverpool, and London: Best estimates of prevalence and coverage of public health indicators. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 2004; 58: 766–771
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hickman M, Hope V, Coleman B, Parry J, Telfer M, Twigger J, , Annett H, et al. Assessing IDU prevalence and health consequences (HCV, overdose and drug-related mortality) in a primary care trust: Implications for public health action. Journal of Public Health 2009; 31: 374–382
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hutchinson SJ, Bird SM, Goldberg DJ. Modelling the current and future disease burden of Hepatitis C among injecting drug users in Scotland. Hepatology 2005; 42: 711–723
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson GWL, (2001). Drug-related deaths in Scotland in 2000. Occasional Paper No 5. Edinburgh: General Register Office for Scotland. Retrieved from http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/files/00dd-rep.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Janssen E. Drug-related deaths in France in 2007: Estimates and implications. Substance Use and Misuse 2011; 46: 1495–1501
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kimber J, Copeland L, Hickman M, McKenzie J, de Angelis D, Robertson JR. Survival and cessation in injecting drug users: Prospective observational study of outcomes and effect of opiate substitution treatment. British Medical Journal 2010; 341: c3172
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King R, Bird SM, Brooks SP, Hutchinson SJ, Hay G. Prior information on behavioural capture–recapture methods: Demography influences injectors’ propensity to be listed on data sources and their drugs-related mortality. American Journal of Epidemiology 2005; 162: 694–703
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King R, Bird SM, Hay G, Hutchinson SJ. Updated estimation of the prevalence of injecting drug-users in Scotland via capture–recapture methods. Statistical Methods in Medical Research 2009; 18: 341–359
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• King R, Bird, S.M., Overstall, A., Hay, G., Hutchinson, S.J. (submitted). Bayesian capture–recapture estimation of England's current injectors taking into account regional and demographical factors, and implications for drugs-related death rates. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A (Statistics in Society), under review
   Google Scholar
• King R, Brooks SP. On the Bayesian analysis of population size. Biometrika 2001; 88: 317–336
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lyons S, Walsh S, Lynn E, Long J. Drug-related deaths among recently released prisoners in Ireland, 1998 to 2005. International Journal of Prisoner Health 2011; 6: 26–32
   Google Scholar
• Mascioli F, Rossi C. Capture–recapture methods to estimate prevalence indicators fro the evaluation of drug policies. Bulletin on Narcotics 2008; LX: 5–25
   Google Scholar
• McCowan C, Kidd B, Fahey T. Factors associated with mortality in Scottish patients receiving methadone in primary care: Retrospective cohort study. British Medical Journal 2009; 338: b2225
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McDonald SA, Hutchinson SJ, Bird SM. The growing contribution of hepatitis C virus infection to liver-related mortality in Scotland. Euro Surveillance 2010; 15(18)1–6
   Google Scholar
• McDonald SA, Hutchinson SJ, Bird SM, Mills PR, Dillon J, Bloor M, , Goldberg DJ, et al. A population-based record linkage study of mortality in hepatitis C diagnosed persons with and without HIV co-infection in Scotland. Statistical Methods in Medical Research 2009; 18: 271–283
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merrall ELC, Bird SM, Hutchinson SJ. Mortality of those who attended drug services in Scotland 1996–2006: Record linkage study. International Journal of Drug Policy 2012; 23: 24–32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merrall ELC, Kariminia A, Binswnager IA, Hobbs M, Farrell M, Marsden J, , Bird SM, et al. Meta-analysis of drug-related deaths soon after release from prison. Addiction 2010; 105: 1545–1554
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Forum on Drug-Related Deaths in Scotland (2007). Annual report, 2007. Edinburgh: Scottish Government.
   Google Scholar
• NHS Scotland Information Services Division. Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2010. Author, Edinburgh 2011
   Google Scholar
• Strang J, Hall W, Hickman M, Bird SM. Impact of supervision of methadone consumption on deaths related to methadone overdose (1993–2008): Analyses using OD4 index in England and Scotland. British Medical Journal 2010; 341: 640, (pico) and British Medical Journal, 341, c4851
   Google Scholar
• Strang J, McCambridge J, Best D. Loss of tolerance and overdose mortality after inpatient opiate detoxification: Follow up study. British Medical Journal 2003; 326: 959–960
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Surveys, Design and Statistics Subcommittee (chair: Professor SM Bird) of Home Office's Scientific Advisory Committee (2008). 21st Century drugs and statistical science. Home Office, 15 December 2008. Retrieved from http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/documents/science-advisory-committee/21st-century-drugs-stats?view=Binary
   Google Scholar
• The Scottish Government (2008). Hepatitis C Action Plan for Scotland, Phase II: April 2008–March 2011. Edinburgh: Author. Retrieved from http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/Doc/222750/0059978.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Uuskula A, Rajaleid K, Talu A, Abel K, Ruutel K, Hay G. Estimating injection drug use prevalence using state wide administrative data sources: Estonia, 2004. Addiction Research and Theory 2007; 15: 411–424
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vaissade L, Legleye S. Capture–recapture estimates of the local prevalence of problem drug use in six French cities. European Journal of Public Health 2009; 19: 32–37
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Hest R, Grant A, Abubakar I. Quality assessment of capture–recapture studies in resource-limited countries. Tropical Medicine and International Health 2011; 16: 1019–1041
   PubMedGoogle Scholar