- Ackerknecht EH. Primitive surgery. Am Anthropol 1947; 49 (1): 25-45.
- Aldred C. A possible case of amputation. Man 1964; 64: 56.
- Ascaso FJ, Lizana J, Cristobal JA. Cataract surgery in ancient Egypt. J Cataract Refract Surg 2009; 35 (3): 607-8.
- Blomstedt P. Transnasal surgery. J Neurosurg 2012; 117 (2): 381-3.
- Blomstedt P. Dental surgery in ancient Egypt. J Hist Dent 2013; 61 (3): 129-42.
- Blomstedt P. Cataract surgery in ancient Egypt. J Cataract Refract Surg 2014a; 40 (3): 485-9.
- Blomstedt P. Tracheostomy in ancient Egypt. J Laryngol Otol 2014b: In Press.
- Breasted JH. Ancient records of Egypt; historical documents from the earliest times to the Persian conquest. University of Chicago Press, Chicago 1906.
- Breasted JH. The Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus. University of Chicago Press, Chicago 1930.
- Breasted JH. Medinet Habu - Volume II. University of Chicago Press, Chicago 1932.
- Breasted JH. The records of Ramses III - The texts in Medinet Habu volumes I and II. University of Chicago Press, Chicago 1936.
- Brorson S. Management of fractures of the humerus in ancient Egypt, Greece, and Rome: an historical review. Clin Orthop 2009; (467) (7): 1907-14.
- Brothwell D, Moller-Christensen V. Medio-historical aspects of a very early case of mutilation. Dan Med Bull 1963a; 10: 21-5.
- Brothwell DR, Møller-Christensen V. A Possible case of amputation, dated to c. 2000 . Man 1963b; 63: 192-4.
- Capart J. Esquisse d’une histoire du droit pénal égyptien. Rev de l’Uni de Bruxelles 1899-5: 1-38.
- Chung CH. Closed reduction techniques for acute anterior shoulder dislocation: from Egyptians to Australians. Hong Kong Journal of Emergency Medicine 2004; 11 (3): 178 - 88.
- Colton C. Orthopaedic challenges in Ancient Egypt. Bone & Joint 2013; 2 (2): 2-7.
- Cooper S, Reese DM. A dictionary of practical surgery. J. & J. Harper, New York, 1832.
- Davies N. Two Ramesside tombs. Metropolitan museum of art, New York 1927.
- Diodorus Siculus. Historical library, London 1814.
- Dobanovacki D, Milovanovic L, Slavkovic A, Tatic M, Miškovic S, Škoric-Jokic S, Pecanac M. Surgery before Common Era. Arch Oncol 2012; 20 (1-2): 22-35.
- Dupras TL, Williams LJ, De Meyer M, Peeters C, Depraetere D, Vanthuyne B, Willems H. Evidence of amputation as medical treatment in ancient Egypt. Int J Osteoarchaeol 2010; 20: 405-23.
- Ebbell B. The Papyrus Ebers. Levin & Munksgaard, Copenhagen 1937.
- El Gindi S. Neurosurgery in Egypt: past, present, and future-from pyramids to radiosurgery. Neurosurgery 2002; 51 (3): 789-95.
- Filer J. Disease. University of Texas Press, Austin 1996.
- Finlayson J. Ancient Egyptian medicine. BMJ 1893; 1: 748-52, 1014-6, 1160-4.
- Gigli L. Über ein neues Instrument zum Durchtrennen der Knochen, die Drahtsäge. Zbl Chir 1894; 21: 409-11.
- Gray PH. Embalmers’ ‘restorations’. J Egypt Archaeol 1966; 52: 138-40.
- Herodotus. The History of Herodotus. Macmillan and Co., London 1890.
- Hussein MK. Reduction of Dislocated Shoulders as Depicted in the Tomb of Ipuy. BIE 1965-47: 47 52.
- Hölscher W. Libyer und Ägypter: Beiträge zur Ethnologie und Geschichte libyscher Völkerschaften nach den altägyptischen Quellen. J. J. Augustin, Glückstadt 1937.
- Jonckheere F. À la recherche du chirurgien égyptien. Chronique d’Égypte 1951a; 26: 28-45.
- Jonckheere F. La place du prêtre de Sekhmet dans le corps médical de l’ancienne Égypt. In: Actes du VI:e congrès d’histoire des sciences. Amsterdam; 1951b. 324-33.
- Jonckheere F. La “Mesdemet”, cosmétique et médicament égyptiens. Histoire de la médecine 1952; 2 (7): 2-12.
- Jonckheere F. L ’eunuque dans l’Égypte pharaonique. Revue d’hist des sc 1954; 7: 139-55.
- Jäger K. Beiträge zur frühzeitlichen Chirurgie. Kastner, Wiesbaden 1907.
- Jäger K. Beiträge zur prähistorischen Chirurgie (Paläochirurgie). F.C.W. Vogel, Wien 1909.
- Kirkup J. A history of limb amputation. Springer, London 2007.
- Larrey DJ. Mémoires de chirurgie militaire, et campagnes. J. Smith, Paris, 1812.
- Larrey DJ. Memoirs of military surgery. 1st American from the 2d Paris ed. Joseph Cushing, Baltimore, 1814.
- Lawson J. A new voyage to Carolina. s.n., London 1709.
- Majno G. The healing hand. Man and wound in the ancient world. Harvard Unversity Press, Cambridge 1975.
- Mattick A, Wyatt JP. From Hippocrates to the Eskimo—a history of techniques used to reduce anterior dislocation of the shoulder. J R Coll Surg Edinb 2000; 45 (5): 312-6.
- Nerlich AG, Zink A, Szeimies U, Hagedorn HG. Ancient Egyptian prosthesis of the big toe. Lancet 2000; 356 (9248): 2176-9.
- Newberry PE, Griffith FL, Fraser GW. Beni Hasan Part II. Egypt Exploration Fund; Archaeological Survey of Egypt, London 1894.
- Rogers SL. Primitive surgery: skills before science. Thomas, Springfield 1985.
- Said GZ. The management of skeletal injuries in ancient Egypt. AO Dialogue 2002; 15: 12-3.
- Schultz AH. Age changes and variability in gibbons. Am J Phys Anthr 1944; 2: 1-129.
- Smith GE. The most ancient splints. BMJ 1908: 732-4.
- Smith GE. The Archaeological Survey of Nubia—report for 1907-1908. National printing department, Cairo 1910.
- Smith GE, Dawson WR. Egyptian Mummies. George Allen and Unwin, London 1924.
- Stewart TD. Nonunion of fractures in antiquity, with description of five cases from the New World involving the forearm. Bull New York Academy of Medicine 1974; 50: 875-91.
- Strabo. The geography of Strabo. H. G. Bohn, London 1854.
- Sullivan R. Proto-surgery in ancient Egypt. Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove) 1998; 41 (3): 109-20.
- Weinberger BW. The dental art in ancient Egypt. J Am Dent Assoc 1947; 34: 170-84.
- Vikentiev V. Les monuments archaïques. IV-V. Deux rites du jubilé royal à l’époque protodynastique. BIE 1949-32: 171-228.
- von Staden H. Herophilus. The art of medicine in early Alexandria. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1989.
- Zaki ME, El-Din A MS, Soliman M A-T, Mahmoud NH, Basha W AB. Limb amputation in ancient Egyptians from Old Kingdom. J Appl Sciences Res 2010; 6 (8): 913-7.
Acta Orthopaedica
Volume 85, 2014 - Issue 6
Open access
3,834
Views
16
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
History
Orthopedic surgery in ancient Egypt
Patric BlomstedtDepartment of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience,
Umeå University, Sweden.Correspondence[email protected]
Pages 670-676
|
Received 09 Apr 2014, Accepted 05 Jun 2014, Published online: 20 Aug 2014
Related research
People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.
Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.
Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.