176
Views
8
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review Article

Prevention of osteoporotic fractures-should orthopedic surgeons care?

Pages 333-338 | Published online: 08 Jul 2009

References

  • Black D M, Cummings S R, Karpf D B, Cauley J A, Thompson D E, Nevitt M C, et al. Randomised trial of effect of alendronate on risk of fracture in women with existing vertebral fractures. Lancet 1996; 348: 1535–41
  • Cauley J A, Seeley D G, Ensrud K, Ettinger B, Black D, Cummings S R. Estrogen replacement therapy and fractures in older women. Study of osteoporotic fractures research group. Ann Int Med 1995; 122(1)9–16
  • Chapuy M C, Arlot M E, Duboeuf F, Brun J, Crouzet B, Amaud S, Delmas P D, Meunier P J. Vitamin D3 and calcium to prevent hip fractures in elderly women. N Engl J Med 1992; 327: 1637–42
  • Chevalley T, Rizzoli R, Nydegger V, Schlossman D, Rapin C H, Michel J P, et al. Effects of calcium supplements on femoral bone mineral density and vertebral fracture rate in vitamin D-replete elderly patients. Osteoporos Int 1994; 4: 245–52
  • Chow R, Harrison J, Notarius C. Effect of two randomised exercise programs on bone mass of healthy post-menopausal women. BMJ 1987; 295: 1441–4
  • Cooper C, Campion G, Melton L J I I I. Hip fractures in the elderly, a world-wide projection. Osteoporos Int 1992; 2(6)285–9
  • Cummings S R, Nevitt M C, Browner W S, Stone K, Fox K M, Ensrud K E, Cauley J, Black D, Vought T M. Risk factors for hip fracture in white women. Study of osteoporotic fractures research group. N Engl J Med 1995; 332: 767–73
  • Dawson-Hughes B, Dallal G E, Krall E A, Sadowski L, Sahyoun N, Tannenbaum S A. A controlled trial of the effect of calcium supplementation on bone density in postmenopausal women. N Engl J Med 1990; 323: 878–83
  • Dawson-Hughes B, Harris S, Krall E A, Dallal G E. Effect of calcium and vitamin D supplementation in on bone density in men and women 65 years of age or older. N Engl J Med 1997; 337: 670–6
  • Ekman A, Mallmin H, Mikaelsson K, Ljunghall S. External hip protectors to prevent osteoporotic hip fractures. Lancet 1997; 350: 563–4
  • Fleisch H. Bisphosphonates in bone disease. From the laboratory to the patient. Published by the Parthenon publishing group, New York 1997
  • Harris S T, Watts N B, Jackson R D, Genant H K, Wasnich R D, Ross P, Miller P D, Licata A A, Chesnut C H H I. Four-year study of intermittent cyclic etidronate treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis: three years of blinded therapy followed by one year of open therapy. Am J Med 1993; 5: 557–67
  • Johnell O. Prevention of fractures in the elderly – a review. Acta Orthop Scand 1995; 66(1)90–8
  • Kleerekoper M, Peterson E L, Nelson D A, Phillips E, Shork M A, Tilley B C, Parfitt A M. A randomized trial of sodium fluoride as a treatment for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 1991; 1: 155–61
  • Krolner B, Toft B, Nielsen S, Tondevold D. Physical exercise as prophylaxis against involutional vertebral bone loss –a controlled trial. Clin Sci 1983; 64: 541–6
  • Lauritzen J B, Petersen M M, Lund B. Effect of external hip protectors on hip fractures. Lancet Jan 2, 1993; 341: 1–3
  • Liebermann U A, Weiss S R, Broil J, Minne H W, Quan H, Bell N H, et al. Effect of oral alendronate on bone mineral density and the incidence of fractures in postmenopausal osteoporosis. N Engl J Med 1995; 333: 1437–43
  • Lips P, Graafmans W C, Ooms M E, Bezemer P D, Bouter L M. Vitamin D supplementation and fracture incidence in elderly persons. A randomised placebo-controlled clinical trial. Ann Int Med 1996; 15(4)400–6, 124
  • Ljunghall S, Gärdsell P, Johnell O, Larsson K, Lind E, Obrant K J, Sernbo I. Synthetic human calcitonin in postmenopausal osteoporosis. A placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Cal-cifTissInt 1991; 49: 17–9
  • Lufkin E G, Wahner H W, O'Fallon W M, Hodgson S F, Kotow-Icz M A, Lane A W, Judd H L, Caplan R H, Riggs B L. Treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis with transdermal oestrogen. Ann Int Med 1992; 117: 1–9
  • Naessén T, Persson I, Adami H O, Bergström R, Bergkvist L. Hormone replacement therapy and the risk for first hip fracture. A prospective, population-based cohort study. Ann Int Med 1990; 113(2)95–103
  • N. I. H. Concensus conference. Optimal calcium intake. JAMA 1994; 272: 1942–8
  • Obrant K J, Bengnér U, Johnell O, Nilsson B, Sembo I. Increasing age adjusted risk of fragility fractures–a sign of increasing osteoporosis by generations?. Calcif Tissue Int: Invited Editorial. 1989; 44(3)157–67
  • Ooms M E, Vlasman P, Lips P, Nauta J, Bouter L M, Valkenburg H A. The incidence of hip fractures in independent and institutionalised elderly people. Osteoporos Int 1994; 4: 6–10
  • Overgaard K, Hansen M A, Jensen S B, Christiansen C. Effect of salcatonin given intranasally on bone mass and fracture rates in established osteoporosis: a dose-response study. BMJ 1992; 305: 556–61
  • Paganini-Hill A, Chao A, Ross R K, Henderson B E. Exercise and other factors in the prevention of hip fractures: the Leisure-Word study. Epidemiology 1991; 2(1)16–25
  • Pak C Y, Sakhaee K, Piziak V, Peterson R D, Breslay N A, Boyd P, Poindexter J R, Herzog J, Herd-Sakhaeee A, Haynes S. Slow-release sodium fluoride in the management of postmenopausal osteoporosis. A randomised controlled trial. Ann Int Med 1994; 120(8)625–32
  • Prince R L, Smith M, Dick I M, Price R I, Webb P G, Henderson N K, et al. Prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis–a comparative study of exercise, calcium supplementation and hormone replacement therapy. N Engl J Med 1991; 325: 1189–95
  • Prince R, Divine A, Dick I, Kridl A, Kerr D, Kent N, et al. The effects of calcium supplementation (milkpowder or tablets) and exercise on bone density in postmenopausal women. J Bone Min Res 1995; 10: 1068–75
  • Reid I R, Aimes R W, Evans M C, Gamble G D, Sharp S J. Effect of calcium supplementation on bone loss in postmenopausal women. N Engl J Med 1993; 328: 460–4
  • Reid I R, Aimes R W, Evans M C, Gamle G, Sharp S J. Long-term effects of calcium supplementation on bone loss and fracture in postmenopausal women. A randomized controlled trial. Am J Med 1995; 98: 331–5
  • Riggs B L, Hodgson S F, O'Fallon W M, Chao E Y, Wahner H W, Muhs J M, Cedel S L, Melton L J. Effect of fluoride treatment on the fracture rate in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. N Engl J Med 1990; 322(12)802–9
  • Schaafsma G. The scientific basis of recommended dietary allowances for calcium. J Intern Med 1992; 231: 187–94
  • Simkin A, Ayalon J, Leichter I. Increased trabecular bone density due to bone-loading exercise in post-menopausal osteoporotic women. Calcif Tiss Int 1987; 40: 59–63
  • Storm T, Thamsborg G, Steiniche T, Genant H K, Sorensen O H. Effect of intermittent cyclical ethidronate therapy on bone mass and fracture rate in postmenopausal osteoporosis. N Engl J Med 1990; 322: 1265–71
  • Tilyard M W, Spears G F S, Thomson J, Dovey S. Treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis with calcitriol or calcium. N Engl J Med 1992; 326: 357–62
  • Watts N B, Harris S T, Genant H K, Wasnich R D, Miller P D, Jackson R D, Licata A A, Ross P, Woodson G C, Yanover M J. Intermittent cyclical etidronate treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. N Engl J Med 1990; 323: 73–9
  • Windeler J, Lange S. Events per person-year–a dubious concept. BMJ 1995; 310(6977)454–6
  • Akesson K, Ljunghall S, Jonsson B, Sernbo I, Johnell O, Gärd-Sell P, Obrant K J. Assessment of biochemical markers of bone metabolism in relation to fracture in women. A population-based study. J Bone Min Res 1995; 10(11)1823–9

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.