How common are behavioural changes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis?

References

• Geser F, Brandmeir NJ, Kwong LK, Martinez-Lage M, Elman L, McCluskey L, . Evidence of multisystem disorder in whole-brain map of pathological TDP-43 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Arch Neurol. 2008;65:636–41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ringholz GM, Appel SH, Bradshaw M, Cooke NA, Mosnik DM, Schulz PE. Prevalence and patterns of cognitive impairment in sporadic ALS. Neurology. 2005;65:586–90.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neary D, Snowden JS, Gustafson L, Passant U, Stuss D, Black S, . Frontotemporal lobar degeneration: a consensus on clinical diagnostic criteria. Neurology. 1998;51:1546–54.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lomen-Hoerth C, Murphy J, Langmore S, Kramer JH, Olney RK, Miller B. Are amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients cognitively normal? Neurology. 2003;60:1094–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neumann M, Sampathu DM, Kwong LK, Truax AC, Micsenyi MC, Chou TT, . Ubiquitinated TDP-43 in frontotemporal lobar degeneration and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Science. 2006;314:130–3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwong LK, Neumann M, Sampathu DM, Lee VMY, Trojanowski JQ. TDP-43 proteinopathy: the neuropathology underlying major forms of sporadic and familial frontotemporal lobar degeneration and motor neuron disease. Acta Neuropathologica. 2007;114:63–70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phukan J, Pender NP, Hardiman O. Cognitive impairment in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Lancet Neurol. 2007;6: 994–1003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woolley SC, Katz JS. Cognitive and behavioural impairment in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Phys Med Rehabil Clinof N Am. 2008;19:607–17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murphy J, Henry R, Lomen-Hoerth C. Establishing subtypes of the continuum of frontal lobe impairment in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Arch Neurol. 2007;64: 330–4.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Abrahams S, Leigh PN, Harvey A, Vythelingum GN, Grise D, Goldstein LH. Verbal fluency and executive dysfunction in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Neuropsychologia. 2000;38:734–47.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grossman AB, Woolley-Levine S, Bradley WG, Miller RG. Detecting neurobehavioural changes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Amyotroph Lateral Scler. 2007;8:56–61.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibbons ZC, Richardson A, Neary D, Snowden JS. Behaviour in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Amyotroph Lateral Scler. 2008;9:67–74.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Witgert M, Salamone AR, Strutt AM, Jawaid A, Massman PJ, Bradshaw M, . Frontal lobe mediated behavioural dysfunction in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Eur J of Neurol. 2010;17:103–10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masellis M, Zinman L, Black SE. More than just ‘frontal’: disentangling behavioural disturbances in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Eur J Neurol. 2010;17:5–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wedderburn C, Wear H, Brown J, Mason SJ, Barker RA, Hodges J, . The utility of the Cambridge Behavioural Inventory in neurodegenerative disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2008;79:500–3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wear HJ, Wedderburn CJ, Mioshi E, Williams-Gray CH, Mason S, Barker RA, . The Cambridge Behavioural Inventory revised. Dementia & Neuropsychologia. 2008; 2:102–7.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Strong MJ, Grace GM, Orange JB, Leeper HA, Menon RS, Aere C. A prospective study of cognitive impairment in ALS. Neurology. 1999;53:1665–70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brooks BR, Miller RG, Swash M, Munsat TL. El Escorial revisited: revised criteria for the diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Other Motor Neuron Disord. 2000;1:293–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strong MJ, Grace GM, Freedman M, Lomen-Hoerth C, Woolley S, Goldstein LH, . Consensus criteria for the diagnosis of frontotemporal cognitive and behavioural syndromes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Amyotroph Lateral Scler. 2009;10:131–46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rascovsky K, Hodges JR, Kipps CM, Johnson JK, Seeley WW, Mendez MF, . Diagnostic criteria for the behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD): current limitations and future directions. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 2007;21:S14–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piguet O, Hornberger M, Shelley BP, Kipps CM, Hodges JR. Sensitivity of current criteria for the diagnosis of behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia. Neurology. 2009; 72:732–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cedarbaum JM, Stambler N, Malta E, Fuller C, Hilt D, Thurmond B, . The ALSFRS-R: a revised ALS functional rating scale that incorporates assessments of respiratory function. Journal of the Neurol Sci. 1999;169: 13–21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gordon PH, Miller RG, Moore DH. ALSFRS-R. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Other Motor Neuron Disord. 2004;5 (Suppl 1):90–3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montes J, Levy G. Albert S, Kaufmann P, Buchsbaum R, Gordon PH, . Development and evaluation of a self-administered version of the ALSFRS-R. Neurology. 2006; 67:1294–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cummings JL, Mega M, Gray K, Rosenberg-Thompson S, Carusi DA, Gornbein J. The Neuropsychiatric Inventory: comprehensive assessment of psychopathology in dementia. Neurology. 1994;44:2308–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bozeat S, Gregory CA, Ralph MAL, Hodges JR. Which neuropsychiatric and behavioural features distinguish frontal and temporal variants of frontotemporal dementia from Alzheimer's disease? J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2000; 69:178–86.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henry JD, Crawford JR. The short-form version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21): construct validity and normative data in a large non-clinical sample. Br J Clin Psychol. 2005:44:227–39.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levy R, Dubois B. Apathy and the functional anatomy of the prefrontal cortex-basal ganglia circuits. Cerebral Cortex. 2006;16:916–28.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Starkstein SE, Leenjtjens AFG. The nosological position of apathy in clinical practice. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2008;79:1088–92.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abrahams S, Goldstein LH, Simmons A, Brammer M, Williams SCR, Giampietro V, . Word retrieval in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Brain. 2004;127:1507–17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosen HJ, Allison SC, Schauer GF. Neuroanatomical correlates of behavioural disorders in dementia. Brain. 2005; 128:2612–25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merrilees J, Klapper J, Murphy J, Lomen-Hoerth C, Miller BL. Cognitive and behavioural challenges in caring for patients with frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Amyotroph Lateral Scler. 2010; 11:298–302.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chow TW, Binns MA, Cummings JL, Lam I, Black SE, Miller BL, . Apathy symptom profile and behavioural associations in frontotemporal dementia vs. dementia of the Alzheimer's type. Arch Neurol. 2009;66:888–93.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar