Changing incidence and subtypes of ALS in Modena, Italy: A 10-years prospective study

References

• Logroscino G, Traynor BJ, Hardiman O, Chiò A, Mitchell D, Swingler RJ, . Incidence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Europe. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2010;81:385–90.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Durrleman S, Alperovitch A. Increasing trend of ALS in France and elsewhere: are the changes real? Neurology. 1989;39:768–73.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lilienfeld DE, Chan E, Ehland J, Godbold J, Landrigan PJ, Marsch G, . Rising mortality from motor neuron disease in the USA, 1962–1984. Lancet. 1989;1:710–3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kahana E, Zilber N. Changes in the incidence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Israel. Arch Neurol. 1984;41:157–60.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Govoni V, Granieri E, Capone J, Manconi M, Casetta I. Incidence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in the Local Health District of Ferrara, Italy, 1964–1998. Neuroepidemiology. 2003;22:229–34.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sorenson EJ, Stalker AP, Kurland LT, Windebank AJ. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1925–1998. Neurology. 2002;59:280–2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Toole O, Traynor BJ, Brennan P, Sheehan C, Frost E, Corr B. Epidemiology and clinical features of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Ireland between 1995 and 2004. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2007;79:30–2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forbes RB, Colville S, Parratt J, Swingler RJ. The incidence of motor neuron disease in Scotland. J Neurol. 2007;254:866–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiò A, Mora G, Calvo A, Mazzini L, Bottacchi E, Mutani R. Epidemiology of ALS in Italy. A 10-years prospective population based study. Neurology. 2009;72:725–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Logroscino G, Traynor BJ, Hardiman O, Chio A, Couratier P, Mitchell JD, . Descriptive epidemiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: new evidence and unsolved issues. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2008;79:6–11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fang F, Valdimarsdottir U, Bellocco R, Ronnevi LO, Sparen P, Fall K, . Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Sweden, 1991–2005. Arch Neurol. 2009;66:515–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murphy M, Quinn S, Young J, Parkin P, Taylor B. Increasing incidence of ALS in Canterbury, New Zealand: a 22-year study. Neurology. 2008;71:1889–95.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brooks BR, Miller RG, Swash M, Munsat TL. World Federation of Neurology Research Group on Motor Neuron Diseases. El Escorial revisited: revised criteria for the diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Other Motor Neuron Disord. 2000;1:293–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wijesekera LC, Mathers S, Talman P, Galtrey C, Parkinson MH, Ganesalingam J, . Natural history and clinical features of the flail arm and flail leg ALS variants. Neurology. 2009;72:1087–94.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gordon PH, Cheng B, Katz IB, Mitsumoto H, Rowland LP. Clinical features that distinguish PLS, upper motor neuron-dominant ALS, and typical ALS. Neurology. 2009;72: 1948–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shoesmith CL, Findlater K, Rowe A, Strong MJ. Prognosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with respiratory onset. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2007;78:629–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mandrioli J, Faglioni P, Merelli E, Sola P. The epidemiology of ALS in Modena, Italy. Neurology. 2003;60:683–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beghi E, Millul A, Micheli A, Vitelli E, Logroscino G. Incidence of ALS in Lombardy, Italy. Neurology. 2007;68:141–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The Scottish Motor Neuron Disease Research Group. The Scottish Motor Neuron Disease Register: a prospective study of adult onset motor neuron disease in Scotland. Methodology, demography and clinical features of incident cases in 1989. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1992;55:536–41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Traynor BJ, Codd MB, Corr B, Forde C, Frost E, Hardiman O. Incidence and prevalence of ALS in Ireland, 1995–1997: a population based study. Neurology. 1999;52:504–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Logroscino G, Beghi E, Zoccolella S, Palagano R, Fraddosio A, Simone IL, . Incidence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in southern Italy: a population based study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2005;76:1094–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piemonte and Valle d'Aosta Register for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (PARALS). Incidence of ALS in Italy. Evidence for a uniform frequency in Western countries. Neurology. 2001;56:239–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seljeseth YM, Vollset SE, Tysnes OB. Increasing mortality from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Norway? Neurology. 2000;55:1–6.
   Google Scholar
• Day TG, Scott M, Perring R, Doyle P. Motor neuron disease mortality in Great Britain continues to rise: examination of mortality rates 1975–2004. Amyotroph Lateral Scler. 2007; 8:337–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turner MR, Kiernan MC, Leigh PN, Talbot K. Biomarkers in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Lancet Neurol. 2009;8: 94–109.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noonan CW, White MC, Thurman D, Wong LY. Temporal and geographic variation in the United States motor neuron disease mortality, 1969–1998. Neurology. 2005;64:1215–21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sejvar JJ, Holman RC, Bresee JS, Kochanek KD, Schonberger LB. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mortality in the United States, 1979–2001. Neuroepidemiology. 2005;25:144–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qureshi M, Schoenfeld DA, Paliwal Y, Shui A, Cudkowicz ME. The natural history of ALS is changing: improved survival. Amyotroph Lateral Scler. 2009;10:324–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beghi E, Chiò A, Couratier P, Esteban J, Hardiman O, Logroscino G, . The epidemiology and treatment of ALS: focus on the heterogeneity of the disease and critical appraisal of therapeutic trials. Amyotroph Lateral Scler. 2011;12:1–10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar