Distribution of contractures and spinal malalignments in adolescents with cerebral palsy: Observations and influences of function, gender and age

References

• Rosenbaum P, Paneth N, Leviton A, Goldstein M, Bax M, Damiano D, Dan B, Jacobsson B. A report: The definition and classification of cerebral palsy April 2006. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 2007; 109(Suppl)8–14
   Google Scholar
• Mutch L, Alberman E, Hagberg B, Kodama K, Perat MV. Cerebral palsy epidemiology: Where are we now and where are we going?. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 1992; 34: 547–551
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foran JRH, Steinman S, Barash I, Chambers HG, Lieber RL. Structural and mechanical alterations in spastic skeletal muscle. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 2005; 47: 713–717
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malaiya R, McNee AE, Fry NR, Eve LC, Gough M, Shortland AP. The morphology of the medial gastrocnemius in typically developing children and children with spastic cerebral palsy. Journal of Electromyography & Kinesiology 2007; 17: 657–663
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Booth DM, Cortina-Borja MJ, Theologis TN. Collagen accumulation in muscles of children with cerebral palsy and correlation with severity of spasticity. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 2001; 43: 314–320
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leiber RL, Steinman S, Barash IA, Chambers H. Structural and functional changes in spastic skeletal muscle. Muscle & Nerve 2004; 29: 615–627
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Graham HK, Selber P. Musculoskeletal aspects of cerebral palsy. Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery 2003; 85-B: 157–166
   Google Scholar
• Gough M. Continuous postural management and the prevention of deformity in children with cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 2009; 51: 105–110
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abel MF, Damian DL, Blanco JS, Conaway M, Miller F, Dabney K, Sutherland D, Chambers H, Dias L, Sarwark J, et al. Relationships among musculosketal impairments and functional health status in ambulatory cerebral palsy. Journal of Pediatric Orthopedics 2003; 23: 535–541
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bartlett DJ, Palisano RJ. A multivariate model of determinants of motor change for children with cerebral palsy. Physical Therapy 2000; 80: 598–614
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright M, Tancredi A, Yundt B, Larin H. Sleep issues in children with physical disabilities and their families. Physical & Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics 2006; 23: 55–72
   Google Scholar
• Wiart L, Darrah J, Kembhavi G. Stretching with children with cerebral palsy: What do we know are where are we going?. Pediatric Physical Therapy 2008; 20: 173–178
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hagglund G, Andersson S, Duppe H, Pedertsen HL, Nordmark E, Westbom L. Prevention of severe contractures might replace multilevel surgery in cerebral palsy: Results of a population-based health care programme and new techniques to reduce spasticity. Journal of Pediatric Orthopedics B 2005; 14: 269–273
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pin T, Dyke P, Chan M. The effectiveness of passive stretching in children with cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 2006; 48: 855–862
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palisano R, Rosenbaum P, Walter S, Russell D, Wood E, Galuppi B. Development and reliability of a gross motor function classification system for children with cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 1997; 39: 214–223
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenbaum PL, Walter SD, Hanna SE, Palisano RJ, Russell DJ, Raina P, Wood E, Bartlett DJ, Galuppi BE. Prognosis for gross motor function in CP. Journal of the American Medical Association 2002; 288: 1357–1363
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rosenbaum P, Palisano R, Bartlett D, Hanna S, O’Donnell M, Russell D, Walter S, Stewart D, Lawless J. Adolescents with CP: What happens to mobility and self-care. Study funded through the Canadian Institutes of Health Research. MOP #53258 2002–2007
   Google Scholar
• Bartlett D, Purdie B. Testing of the Spinal Alignment and Range of Motion Measure: A discriminative measure of posture and flexibility for children with cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 2005; 47: 571–576
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Winter Bodkin A, Robinson C, Perales FP. Reliability and validity of the Gross Motor Function Classification System for cerebral palsy. Pediatric Physical Therapy 2003; 15: 247–252
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wood E, Rosenbaum P. The Gross Motor Function Classification System for Cerebral Palsy: A study of reliability and stability over time. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 2000; 42: 292–296
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palisano RJ, Rosenbaum P, Bartlett D, Livingston MH. Content validity of the Expanded and Revised Gross Motor Function Classification System. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 2008; 50: 744–750
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young NJ, Williams JI, Yoshida KK, Wright JG. Measurement properties of the Activities Scale for Kids. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 1996; 53: 125–137
   Google Scholar
• Voorman JM, Dallmeijer AJ, Knol DL, Lankhorst GJ, Becher JG. Prospective longitudinal study of gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy. Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation 2007; 88: 871–876
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gough M, Shafafy R, Shortland AP. Does sex influence outcome in ambulant children with bilateral cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 2008; 50: 702–705
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hanna SE, Bartlett DJ, Rivard LM, Russell DJ. Reference curves for the Gross Motor Function Measure: Percentiles for clinical description and tracking over time among children with cerebral palsy. Physical Therapy 2008; 88: 596–607
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar