The influence of physical therapy and anti-botulinum toxin antibody on the efficacy of botulinum toxin-A injections in children with spastic cerebral palsy

References

• Edgar TS. Clinical utility of botulinum toxin in the treatment of cerebral palsy: Comprehensive review. Journal of Child Neurology 2001;16:37–46
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryll U, Bastiaenen C, De Bie R, Staal B. Effects of leg muscle botulinum toxin A injections on walking in children with spasticity-related cerebral palsy: A systematic review. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 2011;53:210–216
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lannin N, Scheinberg A, Clark K. AACPDM systematic review of the effectiveness of therapy for children with cerebral palsy after botulinum toxin A injections. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 2006;48:533–539
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fattal-Valevski A, Giladi N, Domanievitz D, Zuk L, Masterman R, Harel S, Wientroub S, Hayek S. Parameters for predicting favorable responses to botulinum toxin in children with cerebral palsy. Journal of Child Neurology 2002;17:272–277
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fazzi E, Maraucci I, Torrielli S, Motta F, Lanzi G. Factors predicting the efficacy of botulinum toxin-A treatment of the lower limb in children with cerebral palsy. Journal of Child Neurology 2005;20:661–666
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yap R, Majnemer A, Benaroch T, Cantin MA. Determinants of responsiveness to botulinum toxin, casting, and bracing in the treatment of spastic equinus in children with cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 2010;52:186–193
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Satila H, Huhtala H. Botulinum toxin type A injections for treatment of spastic equinus in cerebral palsy: A secondary analysis of factors predictive of favorable response. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation 2010;89:865–872
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Surveillance of cerebral palsy in Europe: A collaboration of cerebral palsy surveys and registers. Surveillance of Cerebral Palsy in Europe (SCPE). Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 2000;42:816–824
   Google Scholar
• Kim MW, Kim JH, Yang YJ, Ko YJ. Anatomic localization of motor points in gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2005;84:680–683
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyd RN, Graham HK. Objective measurement of clinical findings in the use of botulinum toxin type A for the management of children with cerebral palsy. European Journal of Neurology 1999;6:s23–s35
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koman LA, Brashear A, Rosenfeld S, Chambers H, Russman B, Rang M, Root L, Ferrari E, Garcia de Yebenes Prous J, Smith BP, et al. Botulinum toxin type a neuromuscular blockade in the treatment of equinus foot deformity in cerebral palsy: A multicenter, open-label clinical trial. Pediatrics 2001;108:1062–1071
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yam WK, Leung MS. Interrater reliability of Modified Ashworth Scale and Modified Tardieu Scale in children with spastic cerebral palsy. Journal of Child Neurology 2006;21:1031–1035
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palisano R, Rosenbaum P, Walter S, Russell D, Wood E, Galuppi B. Development and reliability of a system to classify gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 1997;39:214–223
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corry IS, Cosgrove AP, Walsh EG, McClean D, Graham HK. Botulinum toxin A in the hemiplegic upper limb: A double-blind trial. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 1997;39:185–193
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cosgrove AP, Corry IS, Graham HK. Botulinum toxin in the management of the lower limb in cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine And Child Neurology 1994;36:386–396
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koman LA, Mooney JF, Smith BP, Walker F, Leon JM. Botulinum toxin type A neuromuscular blockade in the treatment of lower extremity spasticity in cerebral palsy: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. BOTOX Study Group. Journal of Pediatric Orthopedics 2000;20:108–115
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwon JY, Hwang JH, Kim JS. Botulinum toxin a injection into calf muscles for treatment of spastic equinus in cerebral palsy: A controlled trial comparing sonography and electric stimulation-guided injection techniques: A preliminary report. American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2010;89:279–286
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker R, Jasinski M, Maciag-Tymecka I, Michalowska-Mrozek J, Bonikowski M, Carr L, MacLean J, Lin JP, Lynch B, Theologis T, et al. Botulinum toxin treatment of spasticity in diplegic cerebral palsy: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 2002;44:666–675
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herrmann J, Geth K, Mall V, Bigalke H, Schulte Monting J, Linder M, Kirschner J, Berweck S, Korinthenberg R, Heinen F, et al. Clinical impact of antibody formation to botulinum toxin A in children. Annals of Neurology 2004;55:732–735
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yablon SA, Brashear A, Gordon MF, Elovic EP, Turkel CC, Daggett S, Liu J, Brin MF. Formation of neutralizing antibodies in patients receiving botulinum toxin type A for treatment of poststroke spasticity: A pooled-data analysis of three clinical trials. Clinical Therapeutics 2007;29:683–690
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muller K, Mix E, Adib Saberi F, Dressler D, Benecke R. Prevalence of neutralising antibodies in patients treated with botulinum toxin type A for spasticity. Journal of Neural Transmission 2009;116:579–585
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dressler D, Hallett M. Immunological aspects of Botox, Dysport and Myobloc/NeuroBloc. European Journal of Neurology 2006;13(Suppl 1):11–15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newman CJ, Kennedy A, Walsh M, O’Brien T, Lynch B, Hensey O. A pilot study of delayed versus immediate serial casting after botulinum toxin injection for partially reducible spastic equinus. Journal of Pediatric Orthopedics 2007;27:882–885
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar