The use of definite and indefinite articles by children with specific language impairment

References

• Bedore, L., & Leonard, L. (1998). Specific language impairment and grammatical morphology: A discriminant function analysis. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 41, 1185–1192.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bortolini, U., Caselli, M. C., & Leonard, L. (1997). Grammatical deficits in Italian-speaking children with specific language impairment. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 40, 809–820.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, R. (1973). A first language: The early stagesCambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Burgemeister, B., Blum, L., & Lorge, I. (1972). Columbia Mental Maturity ScaleNew York, NY: Harcourt Brace.
   Google Scholar
• Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciencesHillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• de Villiers, J. G., & de Villiers, P. A. (1973). A cross-sectional study of the acquisition of grammatical morphemes in child speech. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 2, 267–278.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Villiers, J. G., Schafer, R., Pearson, B., & Seymour, H. (2000). Control of article use in SAE- and AAE- speaking children. Poster session presented at the annual meeting of the American Speech-Language Hearing Association, Washington, DC, USA.
   Google Scholar
• Emslie, H. C., & Stevenson, R. J. (1981). Preschool children's use of the articles in definite and indefinite referring expressions. Journal of Child Language, 8, 313–328.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerken, L. A. (1991). The metrical basis for children's subjectless sentences. Journal of Memory and Language, 30, 431–451.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerken, L. A. (1994). Young children's representation of prosodic phonology: Evidence from English speakers' weak syllable productions. Journal of Memory and Language, 33, 19–38.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Givón, T. (1993). English grammar: A function-based introductionAmsterdam, The Netherlands: John Benjamins Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Hansson, K., Nettelbladt, U., & Leonard, L. (2003). Indefinite articles and definite forms in Swedish children with specific language impairment. First Language, 23, 343–362.
   Google Scholar
• Hyams, N. (1996). The underspecification of functional categories in early grammar. Generative perspectives on language acquisition. In H. Clahsen (Ed.), (pp. 91–127). Amsterdam, The Netherlands: John Benjamins.
   Google Scholar
• Ionin, T. (2006). This is definitely specific: Specificity and definiteness in article systems. Natural Language Semantics, 14, 175–234.
   Google Scholar
• Leonard, L., & Bortolini, U. (1998). Grammatical morphology and the role of weak syllables in the speech of Italian-speaking children with specific language impairment. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 41, 1363–1374.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leonard, L. B. (1995). Functional categories in the grammars of children with specific language impairment. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 38, 1270–1283.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leonard, L. B., & Finneran, D. (2003). Grammatical morpheme effects on MLU: “The same can be less revisited.” Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 46, 878–888.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leonard, L. B., Ellis Weismer, S., Miller, C., Francis, D., Tomblin, J. B., & Kail, R. (2007). Speed of processing, working memory, and language impairment in children. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 50, 408–428.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leonard, L. B., Eyer, J., Bedore, L., & Grela, B. (1997). Three accounts of the grammatical morpheme difficulties of English-speaking children with specific language impairment. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 40, 741–753.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leonard, L. B., Miller, C., & Gerber, E. (1999). Grammatical morphology and the lexicon in children with specific language impairment. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 42, 1076–1085.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maratsos, M. P. (1974). Preschool children's use of definite and indefinite articles. Child Development, 45, 446–455.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maratsos, M. P. (1976). The use of definite and indefinite reference in young childrenCambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• McGregor, K. K., & Leonard, L. B. (1994). Subject pronoun and article omissions in the speech of children with specific language impairment: A phonological interpretation. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 37, 171–181.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Reynell, J., & Gruber, C. (1990). Reynell Developmental Language Scales (U.S. ed)Los Angeles, CA: Western Psychological Services.
   Google Scholar
• Rice, M. (2003). A unified model of specific and general language delay: Grammatical tense as a clinical marker of unexpected variation. Language competence across populations: Toward a definition of SLI. In Y. Levy, & J. Schaeffer (Eds.), (pp. 63–94). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Rice, M., & Wexler, K. (1996). Toward tense as a clinical marker of specific language impairment in English-speaking children. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 39, 1239–1257.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Roid, G., & Miller, L. (1997). Leiter International Performance Scale – RevisedChicago, IL: Stoelting.
   Google Scholar
• Schafer, R. J., & de Villiers, J. G. (2000). Imagining articles: What a and the can tell us about the emergence of DP. In S. Howell, S. Fish, & T. Keith-Lucas (Eds.), Proceedings of the 24th Annual Boston University Conference on Language DevelopmentVolume 2 (pp. 609–620). Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press.
   Google Scholar
• Werner, E., & Kresheck, J. (1983). Structured Photographic Expressive Language Test – IIDeKalb, IL: Janelle.
   Google Scholar