2,443
Views
9
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original

Methods in Neuroendocrine Histopathology, A Methodological Overview

Pages 243-260 | Published online: 12 Jul 2009

References

  • Romeis B (1968) Mikroskopische Technik. R Oldenbuorg Verlag, Wien.
  • Masson P (1914) La grande endocrine de l'intestin chez l'homme. CR Acad Sci (Paris) 138:59–61.
  • Gosset A, Masson P (1914) Tumeurs endocrines de l'appendice. Presse Med 25:237–240.
  • Masson P (1924) Appendicite neurogène et carcinoides. Aim Anat Pathol Med-Chir 1:3–59.
  • Oberndorfer S (1907) Karzinoide Tumoren des Diinndarms. Frankf Z Pathol 1:426–432.
  • Hamperl H (1927) Ober die "gelben" (chromaffine) Zellen im gesunden und kranken Magen-darmschlauch. Virchows Arch 321:482–548.
  • Singh 1(1964) A modification of the Masson-Hamperl method for staining of argentaffin cells. Anat Anz 115: 81–82.
  • Portela-Gomes GM, Grimelius L (1986) Identification and characterization of enterochromaffm cells with different staining techniques. Acta Histochem 79:161.
  • Barter R, Pearse AGE (1953) Detection of 5-hydroxytryptamine in mammalian enterochromaf-fm cells. Nature 172:810.
  • Barter R, Pearse AGE (1955) Mammalian enterochromaffm cells as the source of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine). J Pathol Bacteriol 69:25–31.
  • Lundqvist M, Arnberg H, Candell J, Malmgren M, Wilander E, Grimelius L, ()berg K (1990) Silver stains for identification of neuroendocrine cells. A study of the chemical background. Histochem J 22:615–623.
  • Hamperl H (1932) Was sind argentaffme Zellen? Virchows Arch 286: 811–833.
  • Creutzfeldt W (1953) Zur Deutung des Silberzellbildes und anderer Pankreasbefunde beim Dia-betes mellitus und Inseladenom. Beitr Pathol Anat 113:133–168.
  • Bodian D (1936) A new method for staining nerve fibres and nerve endings in mounted paraffm sections. Anat Rec 65:89–97.
  • Hamperl H (1952) Ober argyrophile Zellen. Virchows Arch 321:482–507.
  • Grimelius L (1964) A modified silver proteinate method for studying the argyrophil cells of the islets of Langerhans. In: Brolin SE, Hellman B, Knutson H (eds); The Structure and Metabolism of the Pancreatic Islets. Pergamon Press, Oxford; pp 99-104.
  • Davenport HA (1930) Staining nerve fibers in mounted sections with alcoholic silver nitrate solution. Arch Neurol Psykiat 24: 690–695.
  • Davenport HA (1929) Silver impregnation of nerve fibers in celloidin sections. Anat Rec 44:79–83.
  • Hellerstrom C, Hellman B (1960) Some aspects of silver impregnation of the islets of Langer-hans in the rat. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 35: 518–532.
  • Polak JM, Pearse AGE, Grimelius L, Bloom SR, Arimura A (1975) Growth-hormone release-inhibiting hormone in gastrointestinal and pancreatic D cells. Lancet 1:1220–1226.
  • Grimelius L (1968) A silver nitrate stain for A2 cells in human pancreatic islets. Acta Soc Med Upsal 73: 243–270.
  • Grimelius L, Wilander E (1980) Silver stains in the study of endocrine cells of the gut and pan-creas. Invest Cell Pathol 3: 3–12.
  • Rindi G, Buffa R, Sessa F, Tortora 0, Solcia E (1986) Chromogranin A, B and C immuno-reactivities of mammalian endocrine cells. Distribution, distinction from co-stored hormones/ prohormones and relationship with argyrophil component of secretory granules. Histochemistry 85: 19–28.
  • El-Salhy M, Grimelius L, Wilander E, Ryberg B, Terenius L, Lundberg JM, Tatemoto K (1983) Immunocytochemical identification of polypeptide YY (PYY) cells in the human gastrointesti-nal tract. Histochemistry 77:15–23.
  • Solcia E, Capella C, Vassallo G (1969.) Lead-haematoxylin as a stain for endocrine cells. Sig-nificance of staining and comparison with other selective methods. Histochemie 20: 116–126.
  • Urbanski SJ, Kovacs K, McComb DJ, Ryan N (1982) Argyrophil granules in the human pitui-tary. Acta Histochem 70: 69–77.
  • De Grande P (1970) The routine demonstration of C cells in human and animal thyroid glands. Value of a simple silver stain. Virchows Arch B Cell Pathol 6:137–150.
  • Grimelius L, Johansson H, Lindquist B, Wibell L (1972) Tertiary hyperparathyroidism occur-ring during a renal transplantation programme. J Pathol 108:23–33.
  • Frigero B, Capella C, Wilander E, Grimelius L (1982) Argyrophil reaction in parathyroid glands. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand [A] 90:323–326.
  • Capella C, Solcia E (1971) Optical and electron microscopical study of granules in human ca-rotid body, carotid body tumours and glomus jugulare tumours. Virchows Arch B Cell Pathol 7:37–53.
  • Creutzfeldt W (1975) Pancreatic endocrine tumors - The riddle of their origin and hormone secretion. Israel J Med Sci 11: 762–776.
  • Sevier AC, Munger BL (1965) A silver method for paraffin sections of neural tissue. J Neu-ropathol Exp Neurol 24: 130–135.
  • Grimelius L (2003) Silver stains demonstrating neuroendocrine cells. Biotechnic Histochem 79:37–44.
  • Black WC, Haffner HE (1968) Diffuse hyperplasia of gastric argyrophil cells and multiple car-cinoid tumors. Cancer 21:1080–1099.
  • Solcia E, Capella C, Vassallo G (1970) Endocrine cells of the stomach and pancreas in states of gastric hypersecretion. Rendic R Gastroenterol 2:147–158.
  • Vassallo G, Capella C, Solcia E (1971) Endocrine cells of the human gastric mucosa. Z Zellfor-sch Mikrosk Anat 118:49–67.
  • Wilander E, Juntti-Berggren L, Lundqvist M, Grimelius L (1980) Staining of rat thyroid para-follicular (C-) cells with the Sevier-Munger technique. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand [A] 88: 339–340.
  • Churukian CJ, Shenk EA (1979) Modification of Pascual's argyrophil method. J Histotechnol-ogy 2: 102–103.
  • Grimelius L, Strand A (1974) Ultrastructural studies of the argyrophil reaction in Al cells in human pancreatic islets. Virchows Arch A Path Anat Histol 364: 129–135.
  • Grimelius L (1969). An electron microscopic study of silver stained adult human pancreatic islet cells, with references to a new silver nitrate procedure Acta Soc Med Upsal 74:74: 28–48.
  • Solcia E, Polak JM, Pearse AGE, Forssmann WG, Larsson L-I, Sundler F, Lechago J, Grimelius L, Fujita T, Creutzfeldt W, Gepts W, Falkmer S, Lefranc G, Heitz PH, Hage E, Buchan AMJ, Bloom SR, Grossman MI (1978) Lausanne 1977 classification of gastroenteropancreatic endo-crine cells. In: Bloom SR (ed); Gut Hormones. Churchill Livingstone, London; pp 40–48.
  • Goodpasture C, Bloom SE (1975) Visualization of nucleolar organizer regions in mammalian chromosomes using silver staining. Chromosoma (Berl) 53:37–50.
  • Ploton D, Menager M, Jeannesson P, Himber G, Pigeon F, Adnet JJ (1986) Improvement in the staining and the visualization of the argyrophilic proteins of the nucleolar organiser region at the optical level. Histochem J 18:5–14.
  • Mourad WA, Connelly JH, Sembera DL, Atkinson EN, Bruner JM (1993) The correlation of two argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region counting methods with bromodeoxyuridine-labe-ling index: a study of metastatic tumors of the brain. Hum Pathol 24:206–210.
  • Howell WM, Hsu TC (1979) Chromosome core structure revealed by silver staining. Chromo-soma 21:61–66.
  • Li Q, Hacker GW, Danscher G, Sonnleitner-Wittauer U, Grimelius L (1995) Argyrophilic nu-cleolar organizer regions. A revised version of the Ag-NOR-staining technique. Histochem Cell Biol 104:145–150.
  • Riischoff J, Prasser C. Cortez T, Höhne HM, Hohenberger W, Hofstädter F (1993) Diagnostic value of AgNOR staining in follicular cell neoplasms of the thyroid: comparison of evaluation methods and nuclear features. Am J Surg Pathol 17:1281–1288.
  • Lumachi F, Ermani M, Marino F, Poletti A, Basso SM, Iacobone M, Favia G (2004) Relationship of AgNOR counts and nuclear DNA content to survival in patients with parathyroid carci-noma. Endocr Relat Cancer 11:563–569.
  • Giuffrè G, Mormandi F, Barresi V, Bordi C, Tuccari G, Barresi G (2006) Quantity of AgNORs in gastric endocrine carcinoid tumours as a potential prognostic tool. Eur J Histochem 50:45–50.
  • Gomori G (1950) Aldehyde-fuchsin: a new stain for elastic tissue. Am J Clin Pathol 20:665–666.
  • Scott HR (1952) Rapid staining of beta cell granules. Stain Technol 72: 267–268.
  • Schiebler TH, Schiessler S (1959) Ober den Nachweiss von Insulin mit den metachromatisch reagierenden Pseudoisocyaninen. Histochemie 1:445–465.
  • Slidders W (1961) The OFG and BrAB-OFG methods for staining the adenohypophysis. J Pathol Bacteriol 82:532–534.
  • MacConaill MA (1947) Staining of the central nervous system with lead-haematoxylin. J Anat 81:371–372.
  • Falck B, Torp A (1961) A fluorescence method for histochemical demonstration of noradrena-line in the adrenal medulla. Med Exp hit J Exp Med 5: 428–432.
  • Falck B, Hillarp NA, Thieme G, Torp A (1962) Fluorescence of catecholamines and related compounds condensed with formaldehyde. J Histochem Cytochem 10:348–354.
  • Björklund A, Falck B, Owman Ch (1972) Fluorescence microscopic and microspectrofluoro-metric techniques for the cellular localization and characterization of biogenic amines. In: Rall JE, Koplin U (eds); The thyroid and biogenic amines. In: Book series: Berson SA (ed); Methods of Investigative and Diagnostic Endocrinology, vol 1. North-Holland Publishing Company, Am-sterdam; pp 318–368.
  • Owman Ch, Hakanson R, Sundler F (1973) Occurrence and function of amines in endocrine cells producing polypeptide hormones. Fed Proc 32:1785–1791.
  • Björklund A, Falck B, Hakanson R (1968) Histochemical demonstration of tryptamine. Prop-erties of formaldehyde-induced fluorophores of tryptamine and related indole components in models. Acta Physiol Scand, Suppl 318: 1–31.
  • Hakanson R, Sundler F (1971) Formaldehyde condensation. A method for fluorescence micro-scopic demonstration of peptides with NH2-terminal tryptophan residues. J Histochem Cyto-chem 19:477–482.
  • Björklund A, Falck B, Hakanson R (1968) Histochemical demonstration of tryptamine. Proper-ties of the formaldehyde-induced fluorophores of tryptamine and related indole components in models. Acta Physiol Scand, Suppl 318:1–31.
  • Björklund A, Falck B (1969) Histochemical characterization of a tryptamine-like substance stored in cells of the mammalian adenohypophysis. Acta Physiol Scand 77: 475–489.
  • Larsson L-I, Sundler F, Grimelius L, Hakanson R, Buffa R, Solcia E (1975) Formaldehyde-ozone induced fluorescence in gastrin-producing tumours. Virchows Arch Path Anat Histol 365: 179–184.
  • Hakanson R, Sundler F, Larsson L-I, Ekman R, Sjoberg NO (1975) Peptides with NH2-terminal tryptophan in adrenocorticotrophic hormone and melanocyte-stimulating hormone granules of adenohypophysis. J Histochem Cytochem 23:65–74.
  • Larsson L-I, Sundler F, Hakanson R (1975) Formaldehyde-hydrochloric acid treatment. A fluo-rescence histochemical method for demonstration of tryptophan residues in peptides and pro-teins. J Histochem Cytochem 23: 873–881.
  • Larsson L-I, Sundler F, Hakanson R (1975) Formaldehyde-hydrochloride acid treatment. A fluorescence histochemical method for demonstration of tryptophan residues in peptides and proteins. J Histochem Cytochem 44:245–251.
  • Ehinger B, Thunberg R (1967) Induction of fluorescence in histamine-containing cells. Exp Cell Res 47:116–122.
  • Ehinger B, Haanson R, Owman Ch, Sporrong B (1968) Histochemical demonstration of hista-mine in paraffm sections by a fluorescence method. Biochem Pharmacol 17:1997–1998.
  • Brody MJ, Hakanson R, Lundquist I, Owman Ch, Sundler F (1973) Cellular localization of glucagon by fluorescence microscopy. Reaction of NH2-terminal histidine with o-phthaldialde-hyde. J Histochem Cytochem 21:13–16.
  • Brody MJ, Hakanson R, Owman Ch, Sundler F (1972) An imroved method for the histochemi-cal demonstration of histamine and other compounds producing fluorophores with o-phthaldial-dehyde. J Histochem Cytochem 20:945–948.
  • Larsson L-I, Sundler F, Hakanson R (1975) Fluorescence histochemistry of polypeptide hor-mone-secreting cells in the gastrointestinal mucosa. In: Thompson JC (ed); Gastrointestinal Hormones. University of Texas Press, Austin; pp 318-368.
  • Hakanson R, Owman Ch, Sjölund K (1974) Cytospectrofluorometric characterization of OPT-induced fluorescence in rat pinealocytes. Histochemistry 42: 15–23.
  • De Benardo S, Weigele M, Toome V, Manhart K, Leimgruber W, Bohlen P, Stein S, Udenfried S (1974) Studies on the reaction of fluorescamine with primary amines. Arch Biochem Biophys 163:390–399.
  • Hakanson R, Larsson L-I, Sundler F (1975) Fluorescamine: A novel reagent for histochemical detection of amine groups. Histochemie 39:15–23.
  • Larsson L-I, Sundler F, Hakanson R (1975) Fluorescamine as a histochemical reagent: demon-stration of polypeptide hormone-secreting cells. Histochemistry 44:245–251.
  • Sundler F, Larsson L-I, Hakanson R, Ljungberg 0 (1974) Fluorescamine-induced fluorescence in C cell tumours of the thyroid. Virchows Arch A Path Anat Histol 363:17–20.
  • Coons A, Creech H, Jones RN (1941) Immunological properties of an antibody containing a fluorescent group. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 47:200–202.
  • Coons AH, Leduc EH, Connolly JM (1955) Studies on antibody production. I. A method for the histochemical demonstration of specific antibody and its application to a study of the hyperim-mune rabbit. J Exp Med 102:49–60.
  • Sternberger LA, Hardy PH Jr, Cuculis JJ, Meyer HG (1970) The unlabeled antibody enzyme method of immunohistochemistry: preparation and properties of soluble antigen-antibody com-plex (horseradish peroxidase-antihorseradish peroxidase) and its use in identification of spiro-chetes. J Histochem Cytochem 18:315–333.
  • Sternberger LA, Joseph S (1979) The unlabeled antibody method. Contrasting color staining of paired pituitary hormones without antibody removal. J Histochem Cytochem 27:1424–1429.
  • Hsu SM, Raine L, Fanger H (1981) Use of avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) in im-munoperoxidase techniques; a comparison between ABC and unlabeled antibody (PAP) proce-dures. J Histochem Cytochem 29: 577–580.
  • Haeuptle MT, Aubert ML, Djiane J, Kraehenbuhl JP (1983) Binding sites for lactogenic and somatogenic hormones from rabbit mammary gland and liver. J Biol Chem 258:305–314.
  • Gould EA, Buckley A, Cammack N (1985) Use of the biotin-streptavidin interaction to improve flavivirus detection by immunofluorescence and ELISA tests. J Virol Methods 11:41–48.
  • Bobrow M, Harris T, Shaughnessy K, Litt GJ (1989) Catalyzed reporter deposition, a novel method of signal amplification. Application to immunoassays. J Immunol Methods 125:279–285.
  • Heras A, Roach CM, Key ME (1995) Enhanced polymer detection system for immunohisto-chemistry. Mod Pathol 8: 163A.
  • Portela-Gomes GM (2005) Immunostaining techniques for co-localization of multiple peptide antigens in light microscopy. In: Hacker GW, Tubbs RM (eds); Molecular Morphology in Hu-man Tissues: Techniques and Applications. In: Book series: Gu J, Hacker GW (series eds); Ad-vances in Pathology, Microscopy & Molecular Morphology. CRC Press, Boca Raton; pp 1-26.
  • De Mey J (1983) The preparation of immunoglobulin gold conjugates (IGS reagents) and their use as markers for light and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry. In: Cuello AC (ed); Immunohistochenistry, vol. 3. Wiley, Chichester, New York, Brisbane, Toronto, Singapore; pp 347–372.
  • Holgate CS, Jackson P, Cowen PN, Bird CC (1983) Immunogold-silver staining: new method of immunostaining with enhanced sensitivity. J Histochem Cytochem 31:938–944.
  • Hacker GW, Springall DR, van Noorden S, Bishop AE, Grimelius L, Polak JM (1985) The immunogold-silver staining method. A powerful tool in histopathology. Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histopathol 406:449–461.
  • Hacker GW, Cheung ALM, Tubbs RR, Grimelius L, Danscher G, Hauser-Kronberger C (2002) Immunogold staining for light microscopy using colloidal or clustered gold (nanogold). In: Hacker GW, Gu J (eds); Gold and Silver Staining Technique in Molecular Morphology. CRC, London; pp 47–60.
  • Danscher G (1984) Autometallography. A new technique for light and electron microscopic visualization of metals in biological tissue (gold, silver) metal sulphides and metal selenides). Histochemistry 81: 331–335.
  • Shi SR, Key ME, Kalra KL (1991) Antigen retrieval in formalin-fixed, paraffm-embedded tis-sues: an enhancement method for immunohistochemical staining based on microwave oven heating of tissue sections. J Histochem Cytochem 39:741–748.
  • Feulgen R, Rossenbeck H. (1924) Mikroskopisch-chemischer Nachweiss einer Nucleinsdure vom Typus Thymusnucleinsäure und die darauf beruhende elektive Färbung von Zellkernen in mikroskopischen Preparaten. Hoppe-Seyler's Z Physiol Chem 135:203–248.
  • Caspersson T, Lomakka G (1970) Recent progress in quantitave cytochemistry: Instrumentation and results. In: Wied GL, Bahr GF (eds); Introduction to Quantitative Cytochemistry, vol. II. Academic Press, New York; pp 27-56.
  • Burger G, Ploem JS, Goerttler K (1987) Clinical Cytometry and Histometry. Academic Press, London; pp 1–550.
  • Shapiro HM (1989) Flow cytometry of DNA content and other indicators of proliferative activ-ity. Arch Pathol Lab Med 113:591–597.
  • Bäckdahl M, Tallroth E, Auer G, Forsslund G, Granberg P-0, Lundell G, Lowhagen T (1985) Prognostic value of nuclear DNA content in medullary thyroid carcinoma. World J Surg 9: 980–987.
  • Cohn G, Erhardt K, Cedermark B, Hamberger B, Auer G (1986) DNA distribution pattern in intestinal carcinoid tumors. World J Surg 10:548–554.
  • Falkmer S, Erhart K, Auer G, Martensson H, Nobin A (1986) Patterns of DNA distribution and neurohormone immunoreactivity in the tumour cells; tools for the histopathological assessment of gastrointestinal carcinoids. Digestion 35, Suppl 1:144–152.
  • Bergholm U, Adami HO, Auer G, Bergstrom R, Bäckdahl M, Grimelius L, Hansson G, Ljung-berg 0, Wilander E (1989) Histopathologic characteristics and nuclear DNA content as prog-nostic factors in medullary thyroid carcinoma. Cancer 64:135–142.
  • Capella C, Solcia E, Frigerio B, Buffa R, Usellini L, Fontana P (1977) The endocrine cells of the pancreas and related tumours. Ultrastructural study and classification. Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histol 373:327–352.
  • Gall JG, Pardue ML (1969) Formation and detection of RNA-DNA hybrid molecules in cyto-logical preparations. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 63:378–383.
  • Burns J, Chan VT, Jonasson JA, Fleming KA, Taylor S, McGee JO (1985) Sensitive system for visualising biotinylated DNA probes hybridised in situ: rapid sex determination of intact cells. J Chin Pathol 38:1085–1092.
  • Bauman JG (1985) Fluorescence microscopical hybridocytochemistry. Acta Histochem, Suppl 31:9–18.
  • Brigati DJ, Myerson D, Leary JJ, Spalholz B, Travis SZ, Fong CK, Hsiung GD, Ward DC (1983) Detection of viral genomes in cultured cells and paraffin-embedded tissue sections using biotin-labelled hybridization probes. Virology 126: 32–50.
  • Varndell [M, Polak JM, Sikri KL, Minth CD, Bloom SR, Dixon JE (1984) Visualisation of mes-senger RNA directing peptide synthesis by in situ hybridisation using a novel single-stranded cDNA probe. Potential for the investigation of gene expression and endocrine cell activity. Histochemistry 81:597–601.
  • Raap AK, van de Corput MPC, Vervenne RAW, van Gijlswijk RP, Tanke HJ, Wiegant J (1995) Ultra-sensitive FISH using peroxidase-mediated deposition of biotin- or fluorochrome tyra-mides. Hum Mol Genet 4:529
  • Hacker GW, Graf A-H, Hauser-Kronberger C, Wirnsberger G, Schiechl A, Bernatsky G, Wit-tauer U, Su H, Adam H, Thurner J, Danscher G, Grimelius L (1993) Application of silver acetate autometallography and gold-silver staining methods for in situ DNA hybridization. Chinese Med J 106:83–92.
  • Hacker GW, Hauser-Kronberger C, Graf A-H, Danscher G, Gu J, Grimelius L (1994) Immuno-gold-silver staining (IGSS) for detection of antigenic sites and DNA sequences. In: Hacker GW, Gu J (eds); Modern Methods in Analytical Morphology. Plenum Press, New York; pp 19-35.
  • Hacker GW, Zehbe I, Hauser-Kronberger C, Gu J, Graf A-H, Grimelius L, Dietze 0 (1995) Sensitive detection of DNA and mRNA sequences by in situ hybridization and immunogold-silver (IGSS). In: Gu J (ed); In Situ Polymerase Chain Reaction and Related Techniques for Morphologists. Eaton Press, Boston; pp 113–130.
  • Akerström G, Pertoft H, Grimelius L, Johansson H (1979) Density determinations of human parathyroid glands by density gradients. Acta Path Microbiol Immunol Scand [A] 87: 91–96.
  • Akerström G, Grimelius L, Johansson H, Pertoft H, Lundqvist H (1980) Estimation of the par-athyroid parenchymal cell mass by density gradients. Am J Pathol 99:685–694.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.