Whole-blood global DNA methylation is increased in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis independently of age of onset

References

• BrooksBR, MillerRG, SwashM, MunsatTL, World Federation of Neurology Research Group on Motor Neuron Diseases. El Escorial revisited: revised criteria for the diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Other Motor Neuron Disord. 2000;1:293–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BeghiE, ChiòA, CouratierP, EstebanJ, HardimanO, LogroscinoG, et al. The epidemiology and treatment of ALS: focus on the heterogeneity of the disease and critical appraisal of therapeutic trials. Amyotroph Lateral Scler. 2011;12:1–10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KweeLC, LiuY, HaynesC, GibsonJR, StoneA, SchichmanSA, et al. A high-density genome-wide association screen of sporadic ALS in US veterans. PLoS One. 2012;7:e32768.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GelleraC, TicozziN, PensatoV, NanettiL, CastucciA, CastellottiB, et al. ATAXIN2 CAG-repeat length in Italian patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: risk factor or variant phenotype? Implication for genetic testing and counselling. Neurobiol Aging. 2012;33: 1847.e15-21.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CorciaP, IngreC, BlascoH, PressR, PralineJ, AntarC, et al. Homozygous SMN2 deletion is a protective factor in the Swedish ALS populations. Eur J Hum Genet. 2012; 20:588–91.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BeghiE, PupilloE, MessinaP, GiussaniG, ChiòA, ZoccolellaS, et al. Coffee and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a possible preventive role. Am J Epidemiol. 2011;174: 1002–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ChiòA, LogroscinoG, HardimanO, SwinglerR, MitchellD, BeghiE, et al. Prognostic factors in ALS: a critical review. Amyotroph Lateral Scler. 2009;10:310–23.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RedlerRL, DokholyanNV. The complex molecular biology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci. 2012;107:215–62.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ChiòA, CalvoA, MogliaC, MazziniL, MoraG, PARALS study group. Phenotypic heterogeneity of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a population based study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2011;82:740–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HercegZ, VaissièreT. Epigenetic mechanisms and cancer: an interface between the environment and the genome. Epigenetics. 2011;6:804–19.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TremolizzoL, Rodriguez-MenendezV, ContiE, ZoiaCP, CavalettiG, FerrareseC. Novel therapeutic targets in neuropsychiatric disorders: the neuroepigenome. Curr Pharm Des. 2013; (in press.)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PetronisA. Epigenetics as a unifying principle in the aetiology of complex traits and diseases. Nature. 2010; 465:721–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SacconiS, CamañoP, de GreefJC, LemmersRJ, SalviatiL, BoileauP, et al. Patients with a phenotype consistent with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy display genetic and epigenetic heterogeneity. J Med Genet. 2012;49:41–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TremolizzoL, CarboniG, RuzickaWB, MitchellCP, SugayaI, TuetingP, et al. An epigenetic mouse model for molecular and behavioural neuropathologies related to schizophrenia vulnerability. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2002; 99:17095–100.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WangSC, OelzeB, SchumacherA. Age-specific epigenetic drift in late-onset Alzheimer’s disease. PLoS One. 2008; 3:e2698.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ChestnutBA, ChangQ, PriceA, LesuisseC, WongM, MartinLJ. Epigenetic regulation of motor neuron cell death through DNA methylation. J Neurosci. 2011;31:16619–36.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BeghiE, MenniniT, BendottiC, BiginiP, LogroscinoG, ChiòA, et al. The heterogeneity of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a possible explanation of treatment failure. Curr Med Chem. 2007;14:3185–200.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BrooksBR. El Escorial World Federation of Neurology criteria for the diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Subcommittee on Motor Neuron Diseases/Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis of the World Federation of Neurology Research Group on Neuromuscular Diseases and the El Escorial ‘Clinical limits of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis’ workshop contributors. J Neurol Sci. 1994;124(Suppl): 96–107.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TremolizzoL, DifrancescoJC, Rodriguez-MenendezV, RivaC, ContiE, GalimbertiG, et al. Valproate induces epigenetic modifications in lymphomonocytes from epileptic patients. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2012;39:47–51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MorahanJM, YuB, TrentRJ, PamphlettR. A genome-wide analysis of brain DNA methylation identifies new candidate genes for sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Amyotroph Lateral Scler. 2009;10:418–29.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Figueroa-RomeroC, HurJ, BenderDE, DelaneyCE, CataldoMD, SmithAL, et al. Identification of epigenetically altered genes in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. PLoS One. 2012;7:e52672.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ChiòA, CalvoA, MazziniL, CantelloR, MoraG, MogliaC, et al. Extensive genetics of ALS: a population based study in Italy. Neurology. 2012;79:1983–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RaoJS, KeleshianVL, KleinS, RapoportSI. Epigenetic modifications in frontal cortex from Alzheimer’s disease and bipolar disorder patients. Transl Psychiatry. 2012;2:e132.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BollatiV, GalimbertiD, PergoliL, Dalla ValleE, BarrettaF, CortiniF, et al. DNA methylation in repetitive elements and Alzheimer's disease. Brain Behav Immun. 2011;25: 1078–83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZawiaNH, LahiriDK, Cardozo-PelaezF. Epigenetics, oxidative stress, and Alzheimer's disease. Free Radic Biol Med. 2009;46:1241–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZhangFF, CardarelliR, CarrollJ, FuldaKG, KaurM, GonzalezK, et al. Significant differences in global genomic DNA methylation by gender and race/ethnicity in peripheral blood. Epigenetics. 2011;6:623–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DasPM, SingalR. DNA methylation and cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2004;22:4632–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GomesMV, ToffoliLV, ArrudaDW, SolderaLM, PelosiGG, Neves-SouzaRD, et al. Age-related changes in the global DNA methylation profile of leukocytes are linked to nutrition but are not associated with the MTHFR C677T genotype or to functional capacities. PLoS One. 2012;7:e52570.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HenkelJS, BeersDR, WenS, RiveraAL, ToennisKM, AppelJE, et al. Regulatory T-lymphocytes mediate amyotrophic lateral sclerosis progression and survival. EMBO Mol Med. 2013;5:64–79.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KronenbergG, CollaM, EndresM. Folic acid, neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disease. Curr Mol Med. 2009; 9:315–23.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZoccolellaS, BendottiC, BeghiE, LogroscinoG. Homocysteine levels and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a possible link. Amyotroph Lateral Scler. 2010;11:140–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EkegrenT, AskmarkH, AquiloniusSM, Gomes-TrolinC. Methionine adenosyltransferase activity in erythrocytes and spinal cord of patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Exp Neurol. 1999;158:422–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MingZ, FanYJ, YangX, LauttWW. Synergistic protection by S-adenosylmethionine with vitamins C and E on liver injury induced by thioacetamide in rats. Free Radic Biol Med. 2006;40:617–24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AndersonOS, SantKE, DolinoyDC. Nutrition and epigenetics: an interplay of dietary methyl donors, one-carbon metabolism and DNA methylation. J Nutr Biochem. 2012; 23:853–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Del SignoreSJ, AmanteDJ, KimJ, StackEC, GoodrichS, CormierK, et al. Combined riluzole and sodium phenylbutyrate therapy in transgenic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mice. Amyotroph Lateral Scler. 2009;10:85–94.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CudkowiczME, AndresPL, MacdonaldSA, BedlackRS, ChoudryR, BrownRHJr, et al. Phase II study of sodium phenylbutyrate in ALS. Amyotroph Lateral Scler. 2009; 10:99–106.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TremolizzoL, DoueiriMS, DongE, GraysonDR, DavisJ, PinnaG, et al. Valproate corrects the schizophrenia-like epigenetic behavioural modifications induced by methionine in mice. Biol Psychiatry. 2005;57:500–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Echaniz-LagunaA, BousigesO, LoefflerJP, BoutillierAL. Histone deacetylase inhibitors: therapeutic agents and research tools for deciphering motor neuron diseases. Curr Med Chem. 2008;15:1263–73.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TremolizzoL, Rodriguez-MenendezV, SalaG, Di FrancescoJC, FerrareseC. Valproate and HDAC inhibition: a new epigenetic strategy to mitigate phenotypic severity in ALS?Amyotroph Lateral Scler Other Motor Neuron Disord. 2005;6:185–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PiepersS, VeldinkJH, de JongSW, van der TweelI, van der PolWL, UijtendaalEV, et al. Randomized sequential trial of valproic acid in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Ann Neurol. 2009;66:227–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BeghiE, PupilloE, BonitoV, BuzziP, CaponnettoC, ChiòA, et al. Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of acetyl-L-carnitine for ALS. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener. 2013;14:397–405
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar