181
Views
6
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Regional differences in Clostridium difficile infections in relation to fluoroquinolone and proton pump inhibitor use, Finland, 2008–2011

, , , &
Pages 530-535 | Received 11 Oct 2014, Accepted 25 Feb 2015, Published online: 02 Apr 2015

References

  • McDonald LC, Owings M, Jernigan DB. Clostridium difficile infection in patients discharged from US short-stay hospitals, 1996–2003. Emerg Infect Dis 2006;12:409–15.
  • Lyytikäinen O, Turunen H, Sund R, Rasinperä M, Könönen E, Ruutu P, et al. Hospitalizations and deaths associated with Clostridium difficile infection, Finland, 1996-2004. Emerg Infect Dis 2009;15:761–5.
  • Redelings MS, Sorvilla F, Mascola L. Increase in Clostridium difficile-related mortality rates, United States, 1999-2004. Emerg Infect Dis 2007;13:1417–19.
  • Health Protection Agency. National Statistics Report. Death involving Clostridium difficile: England and Wales, 1999 and 2001-06. Health Statistics Quaterly 37, Spring 2008. Available from: http://www.hpa.org.uk/webc/HPAwebFile/HPAweb_C/1194947369281
  • Lessa FC, Gould CV, McDonald LC. Current status of Clostridium difficile infection epidemiology. Clin Infect Dis 2012;55(Suppl 2):S65–70.
  • Merrigan M, Venuqopal A, Mallozzi M, Roxas B, Viswanathan VK, Johnson S, et al. Human hypervirulent Clostridium difficile strains exhibit increased sporulation as well as robust toxin production. J Bacteriol 2010;192:4904–11.
  • Kanerva M, Mentula S, Virolainen-Julkunen A, Kärki T, Möttönen T, Lyytikäinen O, et al. Reduction in Clostridium difficile infections in Finland, 2008-2010. J Hosp Infect 2013;83:127–31.
  • Bauer MP, Notemans DW, van Benthem BH, Brazier JS, Wilcox MH, Rupnik M, et al. Clostridium difficile infection in Europe: a hospital-based survey. Lancet 2011;377:63–73.
  • Owens RC Jr, Donskey CJ, Gaynes RP, Loo VG, Muto CA. Antimicrobial-associated risk factors for Clostridium difficile infection. Clin Infect Dis 2008;46(Suppl 1):S19–31.
  • Stevens V, Dumyati G, Fine LS, Fisher SG, van Wijngaarden E. Cumulative antibiotic exposures over time and the risk of Clostridium difficile infection. Clin Infect Dis 2011;53:42–8.
  • Brown KA, Khanafer N, Daneman N. Fisman DN. Meta-analysis of antibiotics and the risk of community-associated Clostridium difficile associated infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013;57:2326–32.
  • Muto CA, Pokrywka M, Shutt K, Mendelsohn AB, Nouri K, Posey K, et al. A large outbreak of Clostridium difficile-associated disease with an unexpected proportion of deaths and colectomies at a teaching hospital following increased fluoroquinolone use. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2005; 26:273–80.
  • Vardakas KZ, Konstantelias AA, Loizidis G. Rafailidis PI, Falagas ME. Risk factors for development of Clostridium difficile infection due to B1/NAP1/027 strain: a meta-analysis. Int J Infect Dis 2012;16:e768–73.
  • Janarthanan S, Ditah I, Adler DG, Ehrinpreis MN. Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea and proton pump inhibitors therapy: a meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol 2012;107: 1001–10.
  • Kwok CS, Arthur AK, Anibueze CI, Sing S, Cavallazzi R, Loke YK. Risk of Clostridium difficile infections with acid suppressing drugs and antibiotics: meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol 2012;107:1011–19.
  • Howell MD, Novack V, Grgurich P, Soulliard D, Novack L, Pencina M, et al. Iatrogenic gastric acid suppression and the risk of nosocomial Clostridium difficile infection. Arch Intern Med 2010;170:784–90.
  • Linsky, A, Gupta K, Lawler EV, Fonda JR, Hermos JA. Proton pump inhibitors and risk for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection. Arch Intern Med 2010;170:772–8.
  • Dial S, Delaney JAC, Scneider V, Suissa S. Proton pump inhibitor use and risk of community-acquired Clostridium difficile-associated disease defined by oral vancomycin therapy. CMAJ 2006;175:745–8.
  • Kotila SM, Virolainen A, Snellman M, Ibrahem S, Jalava J, Lyytikäinen O. Incidence, case fatality and genotypes causing Clostridium difficile infections, Finland, 2008. Clin Microbiol Infect 2011;17:888e893.
  • Antikainen J, Pasanen T, Mero S, Tarkka E, Kirveskari J, Kotila S, et al. Detection of virulence genes of Clostridium difficile by multiplex PCR. APMIS 2009;117:607–13.
  • Søes L, Mølbak K, Strøbaek S, Truberg Jensen K, Torpdahl M, Persson S, et al. The emergence of Clostridium difficile PCR ribotype 027 in Denmark – a possible link with the increased consumption of fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins? Euro Surveill 2009;14:pii:19176.
  • McDonald LC, Killgore GE, Thompson A, Owens RC Jr, Kazakova SV, Sambol SP, et al. An epidemic, toxin gene-variant strain of Clostridium difficile. N Engl J Med 2005;353:2433–41.
  • Stevens V, Dumyati G, Brown J, van Winjgaarden E. Differential risk of Clostridium difficile infection with proton pump inhibitor use by level of antibiotic exposure. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2011;20:1035–42.
  • Longtin Y, Trottier S, Brochu G, Paquet-Bolduc B, Garenc C, Loungnarath V. Impact of the type of diagnostic assay on Clostridium difficile infection and complication rates in a mandatory reporting program. Clin Infect Dis 2013;56:67–71.
  • Erikstrup LT, Danielsen TK, Hall V, Olsen KE, Kristiansen B, Kahlmeter G, et al. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Clostridium difficile using EUCAST epidemiological cut-off values and disk diffusion correlates. Clin Microbiol Infect 2012;18:E266–72.
  • Donskey CJ. Clostridium difficile – beyond the usual suspects. N Engl J Med 2013;369:1263–4.
  • Eyre DW, Cule ML, Wilson DJ, Griffiths D, Vaughan A, O’Connor L, et al. Diverse sources of C. difficile infection identified on whole-genome sequencing. N Engl J Med 2013;369:1195–205.
  • Tartof SY, Yu KC, Wei R, Tseng HF, Jacobsen SJ, Rieg GK. Incidence of polymerase chain reaction-diagnosed Clostridium difficile in a large high-risk cohort, 2011-2012. Mayo Clin Proc 2014;89:1229–38.
  • Bouwknegt M, van Pelt W, Kubbinga ME, Weda M, Havelaar AH. Potential association between the recent increase in campylobacteriosis incidence in the Netherlands and proton-pump inhibitor use – an ecological study. Euro Surveill 2014;19:pii:20873.
  • Linder JA, Huang AS, Steinman MA, Gonzales R, Stafford RS. Fluoroquinolone prescribing in the United States: 1995 to 2002. Am J Med 2005;118:259–68.
  • European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. ESAC-net. Antimicrobial consumption rates by country. Interactive database. Available from: http://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/healthtopics/antimicrobial_resistance/esac-net-database/Pages/Antimicrobial-consumption-rates-by-country.aspx
  • Shaugnessy MK, Amundson WH, Kuskowski MA, DeCarolis D, Johnson JR, Drekonja DM. Unnecessary antimicrobial use in patients with current or recent Clostridium difficile infection. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2013;34: 109–16.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.